您好,欢迎访问三七文档
1-5在容积为1.77m3的气瓶中,原来存在有一定量的CO,其绝对压强为103.4kPa,温度为21℃。后来又用气泵输入1.36kg的CO,测得输入后的温度为24℃,试求输入后的绝对压强是多少?解:查表1-3得CO的Rg=296.5J/(kgK)或1111034001.772.1296.5294PVmkgRgT213.46mmmkg52223.46296.5273241.7101.77mRgTPPaV已知:V=1.77m3P1=103.4kPat1=21℃m=1.36kgt2=24℃求:P2831428gR1-16两种不相混合的液体有一个水平的交界面O-O,两种液体的动力粘度分别为μ1=0.14Pa·s,μ2=0.24Pa·s;两液层厚度分别为δ1=0.8mm,δ2=1.2mm,假定速度分布为直线规律,试求推动底面积A=1000cm2平板在液面上以匀速v0=0.4m/s运动所需的力?已知:求:F解:交界面0-0处液体运动速度为上层液体的摩擦切应力为1下层液体的摩擦切应力为2,根据两层液体中的速度梯度有:10.14Pas=20.24Pas10.8mm21.2mm21000Acm00.4/Vms1011()vv222v0v01F0122显然这两个切应力应当大小相等vv12所以101021212112()vvvvv120212212121212021120.140.240.40.13.730.140.00080.240.0072vAvFAAAvAN1-19在直径d=64mm,长度L=100mm的滑动轴承中,充满相对密度d=0.85的15号机械油。当温度为20℃时测得轴上扭矩T=2.5N·m,转速n=1200r/min,试求轴承的同心缝隙。已知:d=64mml=100mm相对密度为d=0.85的15号机油t=20℃轴上扭矩T=2.5N•mn=1200r/min求:解:302ndvrAdl302vnd23223022120ddnddndlTFAdl23120ldnT查图1-13得20℃时15号机油233.140.0340.10.06412000.0351202.5mm685040100.034Pa•s240mmsldn1-24液体摩擦测功计的转子直径D=110mm,宽度b=40mm,转子与壳体之间的轴向缝隙、径向缝隙均充满动力粘度μ=0.7Pa·s的液体,轴的直径d=30mm,轴的转速n=420r/min,缝隙δ=0.01mm。试求测功计的扭矩和功率。解:本题中共有两个圆盘缝隙;和一个同心环形缝隙总摩擦力矩T=2T1+T2其中24432122960DdnDdTrdr32324120bDbDnT24423244329601201204nDdbDnnDdTbD44330.74200.110.030.040.112171200.01104Nm摩擦功率P=T21742095409.543030nTwkw1-5在容积为1.77m3的气瓶中,原来存在有一定量的CO,其绝对压强为103.4kPa,温度为21℃。后来又用气泵输入1.36kg的CO,测得输入后的温度为24℃,试求输入后的绝对压强是多少?解:查表1-3得CO的Rg=296.5J/(kgK)或1111034001.772.1296.5294PVmkgRgT213.46mmmkg52223.46296.5273241.7101.77mRgTPPaV已知:V=1.77m3P1=103.4kPat1=21℃m=1.36kgt2=24℃求:P2831428gR1-16两种不相混合的液体有一个水平的交界面O-O,两种液体的动力粘度分别为μ1=0.14Pa·s,μ2=0.24Pa·s;两液层厚度分别为δ1=0.8mm,δ2=1.2mm,假定速度分布为直线规律,试求推动底面积A=1000cm2平板在液面上以匀速v0=0.4m/s运动所需的力?已知:求:F解:交界面0-0处液体运动速度为上层液体的摩擦切应力为1下层液体的摩擦切应力为2,根据两层液体中的速度梯度有:10.14Pas=20.24Pas10.8mm21.2mm21000Acm00.4/Vms1011()vv222v0v01F0122显然这两个切应力应当大小相等vv12所以101021212112()vvvvv120212212121212021120.140.240.40.13.730.140.00080.240.0072vAvFAAAvAN1-19在直径d=64mm,长度L=100mm的滑动轴承中,充满相对密度d=0.85的15号机械油。当温度为20℃时测得轴上扭矩T=2.5N·m,转速n=1200r/min,试求轴承的同心缝隙。已知:d=64mml=100mm相对密度为d=0.85的15号机油t=20℃轴上扭矩T=2.5N•mn=1200r/min求:解:302ndvrAdl302vnd23223022120ddnddndlTFAdl23120ldnT查图1-13得20℃时15号机油233.140.0340.10.06412000.0351202.5mm685040100.034Pa•s240mmsldn1-24液体摩擦测功计的转子直径D=110mm,宽度b=40mm,转子与壳体之间的轴向缝隙、径向缝隙均充满动力粘度μ=0.7Pa·s的液体,轴的直径d=30mm,轴的转速n=420r/min,缝隙δ=0.01mm。试求测功计的扭矩和功率。解:本题中共有两个圆盘缝隙;和一个同心环形缝隙总摩擦力矩T=2T1+T2其中24432122960DdnDdTrdr32324120bDbDnT24423244329601201204nDdbDnnDdTbD44330.74200.110.030.040.112171200.01104Nm摩擦功率P=T21742095409.543030nTwkw2-2:在汽油箱上装三种测压仪表如图所示1PP1.81.8HgPgbgggb油Hg水水油-=g1.6+g0.6-P98101.8136009.811.898101.6136009.810.67009.811.3313kPa()3130000.61.347.57009.81PgabHmg油油0.6,1.3,0.713.6ambmdd汞汽油=,=图中单位均为米,求金属压强表上的读数及测压管的高度H解:1P(31.2)(2.81)Hggg水Hg水左:+g(2.6-1)右:+g(2.6-2)11.81.8HgPggHg水水+g0.6g1.62-17已知:D=0.5mH=0.7mm=101.94kgPa=105Pa求(1)h1b1(2)FPb2解:(1)∵等温变化∴1122PVPV又1aPP2114VDH2211()4VDHb211()aPPghb2211111()()44PaDHPaghbDHb①∵由于自重保持平衡∴Fmg浮即21111214()4mmggDhbhbD②②代入①中11224()4aaamgPHPHPaHbbHmgDPD代入数据5152100.70.70.0343.44101.949.81103.140.5bmcm③③代入②中14101.940.0340.55455.410003.140.25hmcm(2).1133PVPV32()PPagHb2321()4VDHb22222522252211()()44()10()09810()10()700000PaDHPagHbDHbgHbHbPaHHbHb解此一元二次方程有2265.84.2Hbcmbcm221()4FFmggDHbmg浮由力平衡关系得:=-2532198103.140.50.658101.949.81266.84()1098100.658106455FNPPagHbPa=F浮mgF2-18(1)已知:相对密度131dd20.95d120.3hhm31hm求BAPP(2)3825.9BAPPPa求1h2h3hZ(3)20h时BAPP(4)20.6d0BAPP时1h2h3h解:(1)112233ABPghghPgh33112298100.79509.810.34071BAPPghghghPa(2)Z=32110.30.30.4hhhm令当3825.9BAPPPa时3h下降了x则1h增大了x2h减少了2x那么312312(1)0.30.3240712BAPPgxgxgxxg40713825.90.252981029509.81xm所以此时1h2h3h为0.55m为-0.2m为0.75m33112298100.8598100.453924BABAPPghghghPPPa1230.95,1,0.35hmhmhm(3):当h2=0时,h1=0.45,h3=0.85则:则1h增大了x2h减少了2x3h下降了x(4):312(1)0.30.320BAPPgxgxgx31231210.30.320gggxg331122331122312312(2)2ghghghhhhxg10000.76000.30.6520002600xm2-31:在高度H=3m,宽度B=1m的柱形密闭高压水箱上,用汞U形管连接于水箱底部,测得水柱高h1=2m,汞柱高h2=1m,矩形闸门与水平方向成45角,转轴在O点,为使闸门关闭,试求在转轴上所需施加的锁紧力矩M.1()gHhHg2水gh1000(2)136001H()2cHFghAgHA2ABH9810(11.61.5)23420301.6FN32122(2)91212120.10522(11.61.5)2()(2)222BHHIcmHlcAHHHBH偏心距522()420301.6(30.105)9.361022MFHNmH11.6m=解:设自由液面高度为则有HMHh1h2FHchcl2-32:已知31800/kgm321000/kgm3313600/kgmR=0.2m,B=0.4mh=0.2m求F=?11232gxgRghgh解:31212hRhx1360080020000.22.7800m1()2xcxRFg
本文标题:流体力学
链接地址:https://www.777doc.com/doc-5094397 .html