2014高考英语总复习 语法专题复习：第六讲 动词的时态与语态

◆高考总复习·英语◆第六讲动词的时态与语态返◆高考总复习·英语◆考点透析1．十种常用的动词时态句子结构。(S＝主语，do＝动词原形，does＝动词第三人称单数，did＝过去式，doing＝现在分词，done＝过去分词)一般现在时：S＋do/does＋...一般过去时：S＋did＋...现在进行时：S＋am/is/aredoing...过去进行时：S＋was/weredoing...返◆高考总复习·英语◆一般将来时：S＋will/shall＋do...过去将来时：S＋should/would＋do...现在完成时：S＋have/hasdone...过去完成时：S＋haddone...现在完成进行时：S＋have/hasbeendoing...过去完成进行时：S＋hadbeendoing...返◆高考总复习·英语◆2．在时间状语从句、条件状语从句中，一般现在时表示将来，这时主句要用一般将来时态。(1)Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifitrains.如果下雨的话，排球赛就会推迟。(2)Ifcitynoisesarenotkeptfromincreasing，peoplewillhavetoshouttobeheard20yearsfromnowon.如果不阻止城市噪音增长的话，20年后人们就得大喊大叫才能让人听见。返◆高考总复习·英语◆3．一般现在时可表示主语具备的某种能力、某种性能。例如：(1)I________pingpongquitewell，butIhaven'thadtimetoplaysincethenewyear.A．willplayB．haveplayedC．playedD．play(选D。“会打球”是主语具备的一种能力，不会短时间内消失，用现在时)(2)－CanIhelpyou，sir?－Yes，Iboughtthisradiohereyesterday，butitdoesn'twork.(doesn'twork是主语的性能)返◆高考总复习·英语◆4．过去将来时和过去完成时都是相对过去时间而存在的时态，在答题时，一定要仔细揣摩上下文的时间关系。例如：(1)Wewereallsurprisedwhenhemadeitclearthathewouldleaveofficesoon.(2)－Howlong__________eachotherbeforethey__________married?－Foraboutayear.A．havetheyknown，getB．didtheyknow，weregoingtogetC．dotheyknow，aregoingtogetD．hadtheyknown，got(选D)返◆高考总复习·英语◆(3)Helenhadleftherkeyintheoffice，soshehadtowaituntilherhusbandcamehome.5．leave，go，arrive，take，fly，start，begin，come等动词的现在式可表计划安排好的将来，它们的进行时也可以表示将来的动作。例如：(1)Thetrain________atfouro'clock.Let'shurry.A．leaveB．leavesC．willleaveD．hadleft(选B)返◆高考总复习·英语◆(2)I'vewonaholidayfortwoweekstoFlorida.I________mymumtogether.A．amtakingB．havetakenC．takeD．willhavetaken(选A)6．begoingto表早就安排好的将来，或表根据某种迹象判断要发生的事情；will/shall表临时决定要做的动作；beto表按约定计划或按职责、义务将要发生的动作，强调主语的意志和决心；beaboutto表马上就要发生的动作，不能与表示将来的确切时间状语连用。返◆高考总复习·英语◆(1)－Whatareyougoingtodothisevening?－I'mgoingtoseeafilmwithmyfriend.(2)－Haven'tyouknownMr.Wangisill?－Really?ThenI'llgotoseehiminstead.(3)－Howaboutseeingafilmtomorrow?－Sorry，Ican't.Iamtotakethedrivingtest.返◆高考总复习·英语◆7．如果句中有sofar，since，bynow，inthelastfewyears，tillnow，uptonow等表示时间的短语，谓语动词只能用现在完成时。例如：(1)Sofartheyhavedugmorethan100wellstogetenoughdrinkingwater.(2)Ihavebeenbusyduringthelastfewdays.返◆高考总复习·英语◆8．句型“Itisthefirsttime...”，“Thisisthelasttime...”中，从句的谓语要用现在完成时。句型“Itwasthefirsttime...”，“Thiswasthelasttime...”中，从句的谓语要用过去完成时。例如：ThisisthefirsttimeI'vebeenhere.Thatwasthesecondtimethattheyhadwitnessedanaccidentatthecrossing.返◆高考总复习·英语◆9．句中的状语是“bytheendof＋过去时间”，动词用过去完成时。句中的状语是“bytheendof＋将来时间”，动词用将来完成时。例如：(1)Bytheendoflastterm，wehadlearnedaboutthreethousandEnglishwords.到上学期末，我们大约学了3000个英语单词。(2)Bytheendofnextmonth，weshallhavefinishedBookFive.到下个月末，我们将已经学完了第五册。返◆高考总复习·英语◆10．进行时、将来时、完成时、情态动词的被动语态的谓语分别是bebeingdone，will/shallbedone,have/has/hadbeendone，情态动词＋bedone，不要遗漏任何部分。11．有些动词形式上是主动语态，却表示被动意义。主要有下列几种情形：(1)beworthdoingThebookisworthreading.这本书值得一读。返◆高考总复习·英语◆(2)need/want/require/bear＋doing＝need/want/requiretobedoneTheroomneedscleaning.＝Theroomneedstobecleaned.屋子需要打扫。(3)be＋adj.＋todoTheplaceishardtofindinthemap.这个地方在地图上很难被发现。(4)表感觉的连系动词＋形容词。Goodmedicinetastesbitter.良药苦口。返◆高考总复习·英语◆(5)当句子的主语是物，同时又是动作涉及的对象，而动词又是表明主语本身的特性时，用主动形式表被动意义。这时，句末有一个表示方式的副词。ThepenIboughtyesterdaywritessmoothly.我昨天买的钢笔书写流畅。Theclothwasheswell.这种布耐洗。返◆高考总复习·英语◆强化训练用所给动词的正确形式填空按照句子结构的语法性和句子连贯的要求，在空白处填上适当的词或使用括号中单词的正确形式填空。1．(2012·全国卷Ⅰ)“Lifeislikewalkinginthesnow,”Grannyusedtosay,“becauseeverystep________.”(show)shows返◆高考总复习·英语◆2．(2012·上海卷)—IhearthatJasonisplanningtobuyacar.—Iknow.Bynextmonth,he______________enoughforausedone.(save)3．(2012·天津卷)Thelettersfortheboss_________onhisdeskbuthedidn'treadthemuntilthreedayslater.(put)4．(2012·天津卷)Thethreeofus__________aroundEuropeforaboutamonthlastsummer.(travel)travelledwillhavesavedwereput返◆高考总复习·英语◆5．(2012·江苏卷)ThemanagerissaidtohavearrivedbackfromPariswherehe________someEuropeanbusinesspartners.(meet)6．(2012·安徽卷)Inordertofindthemissingchild,villagers______________alltheycanoverthepastfivehours.(do)7．(2012·安徽卷)Walmart,whichisoneofthelargestAmericansupermarketchains,________someofitsstoreopen24hoursonMondaysthroughSaturdays.(keep)keepshadmethavebeendoing返◆高考总复习·英语◆8．(2012·安徽卷)Afterschoolwewenttothereading-roomtodosomereading,onlytobetoldthatit____________________.(decorate)9．(2012·湖南卷)Don'tworry.Thehardworkthatyoudonow____________laterinlife.(repay)10．(2012·湖南卷)Closethedooroffearbehindyou,andyou________thedooroffaithopenbeforeyou.(see)wasbeingdecoratedwillberepaidwillsee返◆高考总复习·英语◆11．(2012·湖南卷)“Themoment________soon，”hethoughttohimself,waitingnervously.(come)12．(2012·全国卷Ⅰ)Ihadbeenworkingonmathforthewholeafternoonandthenumbers__________beforemyeyes.(swim)13．(2012·湖南卷)—Irememberyouwereatalentedpianistatcollege.Canyouplaythepianoforme?—Sorry,I____________thepianoforyears.(play)iscomingswamhaven'tplayed返◆高考总复习·英语◆14．(2012·福建卷)—Whendidthecomputercrash?—Thismorning,whileI__________thereadingmaterialsdownloadedfromsomewebsites.(sort)15．(2012·陕西卷)—CanIcallyoubackattwoo'clockthisafternoon?—I'msorry,butbythenI_____________toBeijing.Howaboutfive?(fly)wassortingwillbeflying返◆高考总复习·英语◆专题训练广东各地市历年模拟题演练按照句子结构的语法性和句子连贯的要求，使用括号中单词的正确形式填空。1．Alltheanimalslinedupontheriverbankand____________(give)thetaskofg