2018北京市学位英语真题及答案

2018北京市学士学位英语考前押题（考试时间120分钟）PartⅠReadingComprehension(30%)Directions:Therearethreepassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandblackenthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.Passage1Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thereseemsnevertohavebeenacivilizationwithouttoys,butwhenandhowtheydevelopedisunknown.Theyprobablycameaboutjusttogivechildrensomethingtodo.(76)Intheancientworld,asintoday,mostboysplayedwithsomekindsoftoysandmostgirlswithanother.Insocietieswheresocialrolesarerigidlydetermined,boyspatterntheirplayaftertheactivitiesoftheirfathersandgirlsafterthetasksoftheirmothers.Thisistruebecauseboysandgirlsarebeingprepared,eveninplaytostepintotherolesandresponsibilitiesoftheadultworld.Whatisremarkableaboutthehistoryoftoysisnotsomuchhowtheychangedoverthecenturiesbuthowmuchtheyhaveremainedthesame.Thechangeshavebeenmostlyintermsofcraftsmanship,mechanicsandtechnology.Itistheuniversalityoftoyswithregardtotheirdevelopmentinallpartsoftheworldandtheirpersistencetothepresentthatisamazing.InEgypt,theAmerica,China,JapanandamongtheArcticpeople,generallythesamekindsoftoysappeared.Variationsdependedonlocalcustomsandwaysoflifebecausetoysimitatetheirsurroundings.(77)Nearlyeverycivilizationhaddolls,littleweapons,toysoldiers,tinyanimalsandvehicles.Becausetoyscanbegenerallyregardedasakindofartform,theyhavenotbeensubjecttotechnologicalleapsthatcharacterizeinventionsforadultuse.Theprogressfromthewheeltotheoxcarttotheautomobileisadirectlineofascent(进步).Theprogressfromarattle(拨浪鼓)usedbyababyin3,000B.C.tooneusedbyaninfanttoday,however,isnotcharacterizedbyinventiveness.Eachrattleistheproductoftheartistictastesofthetimesandsubjecttothelimitationsofavailablematerials.1.Thereasonwhythetoysmostboysplaywitharedifferentfromthosethatgirlsplaywithisthat.［A］theirsocialrolesarerigidlydetermined［B］mostboyswouldliketofollowtheirfathers'professions［C］boysliketoplaywiththeirfatherswhilegirlswiththeirmothers［D］theylikechallengingactivities2.Oneaspectof“theuniversalityoftoys”liesinthefactthat.［A］technologicaladvanceshavegreatlyimprovedthedurabilityoftoys［B］theimprovementofcraftsmanshipinmakingtoysdependsontheeffortsofuniversities［C］theexplorationoftheuniversehasledtothecreationofnewkindsoftoys［D］thebasiccharacteristicsoftoysarethesameovertheworld3.Whichofthefollowingistheauthor'sviewonthehistoricaldevelopmentoftoys?［A］Thecraftsmanshipintoy-makinghasremainedessentiallyunchanged.［B］Toyshaveremainedbasicallythesameallthroughthecenturies.［C］Thetoyindustryhaswitnessedgreatleapsintechnologyinrecentyears.［D］Toysareplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleinshapingachild'scharacter.4.Regardedasakindofartform,toys.［A］followadirectlineofascent［B］alsoappealgreatlytoadults［C］arenotcharacterizedbytechnologicalprogress［D］reflectthepaceofsocialprogress5.Theauthorusestheexampleofarattletoshowthat.［A］intoy-makingthereisacontinuityintheuseofmaterials［B］eventhesimplesttoyscanreflecttheprogressoftechnology［C］itoftentakesalongtimetointroducenewtechnologyintotoy-making［D］evenasimpletoycanmirrortheartistictastesofthetimesPassage2Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage.OnthenightofMay7,1942,duringWorldWarⅡ,aplanetookofffromanAirForcebaseinEnglandtostopGermanfightersovertheEnglishChannel.PilotoftheplanewasCaptainThomasNash.Lookingeastward,Nashsawtwelveorangelightsinarow,movingatafantasticrateofspeed.Asasophisticatedflyer,hehadneverseenanythinglikethem.ThinkingthattheymightbeanewGermanweapon,hedecidedtochasethem.(78)Butwhenheswungtheplanearoundandheadeddirectlyforthelights,theyvanished.CaptainNashmayhavebeenthefirsttoseesuchorangelightsbuthewasn’tthelast.HisexperiencewasrepeatedseveraltimesbypilotsduringWorldWarIIinEuropeandtheFarEast.Whatwerethey?Nooneknowsforsure,butthereisaninterestingtheorytoexplainthem.Accordingtothistheory,theorangelightsarespaceanimals—animalsspeciallyadaptedtolifeintheupperatmospherejustassomecreaturesareadaptedtolifeatthebottomofthesea.Thesespaceanimals,thetheorysays,livesofarupintheatmospherethattheyareinvisiblefromearth.Theyfeedinpartontheairandpartlyonenergyfromsunlight.Beingalmostpureenergythemselves,theycanadjusttheirbodiestoglowatnight.Duringthedaytheybecomeinvisible.BeforeWorldWarII,continuesthetheory,therewaslittleradiatedenergyavailableontheearth’ssurface.Thencamethedevelopmentofrockets,atomicreactors,andhydroelectricplants.(79)Thespacecreaturesareattractedbythesesourcesofenergy.Atnightwhennoenergyemittedfromsunlight,theygodownintothelowerlevelstosearchameal.Theymayevendriftintothescopeofhumaneyesight.Thisexplainsthefactthattheyhavebeensightedperiodicallyfromtheearthsince1942.6.Thebeststatementofthemainideaofthispassageisthat.［A］CaptainNashsawtwelveorangelightsmovingatafantasticrateofspeed［B］CaptainNashmayhavebeenthefirsttoseelightsinspace［C］Accordingtoaninterestingtheory,theorangelightsarespaceanimals［D］Themysteriesofnaturecanbecompletelyexplained7.Thestrangeorangelightswerefirstseen.［A］fromtheground［B］fromarocketship［C］durin