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当前位置:首页 > 商业/管理/HR > 项目/工程管理 > 高考英语语法定语从句讲解与练习附答案
1定语从句与高考定语从句是高考的热点,主要考查关系代词和关系副词的正确运用,特别是它们在非限制性定语从句中的运用。主要考点有:1.关系代词who,which,that,whom,as,whose的基本用法。2.关系副词when,where,why的基本用法。3.定语从句中关系词的特殊用法。4.定语从句中“介词+关系代词”介词的确定。5.which/as引导的非限制性定语从句的区别。一、定语从句的分类限制性定语从句定语从句非限制性定语从句二、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别区别一:形式不同限定性定语从句主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开;而非限定性定语从句与主句之间通常____用___逗号隔开。区别二:功能不同限定性定语从句用于对先行词的意义进行修饰、限制和识别,如果去掉,就会造成句意____不明确___;而非限定性定语从句用于对先行词起补充说明作用,如果省略,句意不影响。如:Peoplewhotakephysicalexerciselivelonger.进行体育锻炼的人活得长些。(若把从句去掉句子就失去意义)Hisdaughter,whoisinBostonnow,iscominghomenextweek.他女儿现在在波士顿,下星期回来。(若把从句去句子意义仍然完整)比较下面的两个句子:Ihaveasisterwhoisadoctor.我有一个当医生的姐姐。(姐姐不止一个)Ihaveasister,whoisadoctor.我有一个姐姐,她是当医生的。(只有一个姐姐)区别三:翻译不同在翻译定语从句时,一般把限定性定语从句翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前,而把非限定性定语从句与主句分开。如:Heisthemanwhosecarwasstolen.他就是汽车被窃的那个人。I’veinvitedJim,wholivesinthenextflat.我邀请了吉姆,他就住在隔壁。区别四:关系词不同关系词that和why可用于__限制性__定语从句中,通常不用于__非限制性___定语从句;另外,在限制性定语从句中,关系词有时____可以_省略,而在非限制性定语从句中关系词一律不能省略。区别五:先行词不同限定性定语从句的先行词只能是名词、名词词组或代词,而非限定性定语从句的先行词则可以是名词或代词,也可以是____整个句子_;另外,当先行词为专有名词或其他具有独一无二性的普通名词时,通常要用非限制性定语从句,而不用___限制性定语从句。如:Hechangedhismind,whichmademeveryangry.(which指整个主句)Mr.Smith,whoisourboss,willleaveforJapannextweek.(先行词为专有名词,要用非限制性定语从句修饰)Herfather,whohasalotofmoney,wisheshertostudyabroad.(先行词为表独一无二意义的普通名词,要用非限制性定语从句修饰)自主学习任务I:分析考点真题感悟1:21.(2018全国卷1)Twooftheauthorsofthereviewmadeastudypublishedin2014which/thatshowedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdisease.2.(2017全国卷1)Likeanything,itispossibletohavetoomuchofboth,whichisnotgoodforthehealth.3.(2019全国卷2)NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9amto5pmdailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield,whichsheopenedwithherhusbandLes.4.....whenthegovernmentstartsasoil-testingprogramwhich/thatgivesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers.5.Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmasterswhohadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheanimals.6.ButSarah,whohastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wantstoprove(prove)thatshehasbrains.7.SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucious,wholivedfromroughly551to479B.C.,influencedthedevelopmentofchopsticks.8.Ontheedgeofthejacket,thereisapieceofclothwhich/thatgivesofflightinthedark.9.ManywesternerswhocometoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountriesoncetheyrealizehowcheapitcanbetoeatout.10.Ilivenextdoortoacouplewhosechildrenoftenmakealotofnoise.11.Manyyoungpeople,mostofwhomwerewell-educated,headedforremoteregionstochasetheirdreams.12.Shewastakingthefoodtotherefugeecamp,inwhichshedistributedittochildren13.Untilnow,wehaveraised50,000poundsforthepoorchildren,asisquiteunexpected.14.__As__isoftenthecasewithchildren,Amywasbetterbythetimethedoctorarrived.15.Acompany___whose__profitsfromhomemarketsaredecliningmayseekopportunitiesabroad.总结归纳:关系代词who,which,that,whom,as,whose在定语从句中的基本用法真题感悟1所有考题要求填空的都是检查引导定语从句的关系代词(副词/代词)定语从句中的关系代词有:that(指代人和物),在句子中做主/宾/表语(主语/宾语/表语)which(指代物)在句子中做主/宾/表语,who(指代人),在句子中做主语;whom指代人在句子中做宾语;whose指代人/物,在句子中做定语;as指代人/物/事,在句子中做主/宾/表语.1.as&which引导非限制性定语从句的区别1)位置的不同:which通常放在主句后as可放在主句前后,也可以作插入语。2)先行词的不同which引导非限制性定语从句,先行词可以是一个词,也可以是一个句子,一般译为“这一点”。as引导非限制性定语从句,当先行词被thesame,such,as,so修饰时用as,as可代替整个整个句子,也可以代替从句某个成分。as一般译为正如就像,可作插入语,多用于固定搭配:这是常有的事asisoftenthecase;不出所料aswehadexpected;众所周知asiswellknown;显而易见aswecansee如上所述ashasbeensaidbefore;正如上面提到的asismentionedabove.2.thesameas/thesamethat的区别Shewearsthesamedress___as___hersister.Shewearsthesamedress____that____sheworeyesterday.做题技巧:当主句中出现thesame时,后面从句as表示同一类事物的另一个,as表示同一个事物。3.such/as...as与such/as...that的区别Ihaveneverseensuchalazymanasyou(are).Thisissuchaninterestingbookaswealllike.Thisissointerestingabookaswealllike.Thisissuchaninterestingbookthatwealllikeit.Thisissointerestingabookthatwealllikeit.做题技巧:当主句中出现such或so时,看后面从句是否缺成分,若缺少主语或宾语,则为定语从句,关系词应用as;若不缺成分则为结果状语从句,如此…以至于….连接词须用that.4.whose指人的或物时,在句中作定语,可转化为of+关系代词,指人用of+whom,,指物用of+which.即whose+名词=名词+ofwhich/ofwhom.Istillremembertheteacher.WithouthishelpIcouldn’tsucceed.Istillremembertheteacher,withoutwhosehelpIcouldn’tsucceed.3真题感悟2(填空题)1.ButmyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s,___when_____IwasthefirstWesternTVreporterpermittedtofilmaspecialvideo.2.OppositeisSt.Paul'sChurch,whereyoucanhearsomelovelymusic.3.Asthesmallestchildofhisfamily,Alexisalwayslongingforthetime__when__heshouldbeabletobeindependent.4.—IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.—Isthatthereason___why_____youhadafewdaysoff?5.Weliveinanagewhenmoreinformationisavailablewithgreatereasethaneverbefore.6.Themuseumwillopeninthespringwithanexhibitionandaviewingplatform__where__visitorscanwatchthebigglasshousesbeingbuilt.归纳总结:真题感悟2所有考题要求填空的都是检查引导定语从句的关系___副词__(副词/代词)定语从句中的关系副词有:where(地点),when(时间),why(原因),关系副词在从句中只作____状____,可以用介词+which解释替换。注意:1.当先行词为way表示方法、方式时,且后面的定语从句缺方式状语时可以用that\inwhich引导,也可以省略。如果后面定语从句中缺少宾语,要用that\which引导,也可以省略关系词。Idon’tlikethewaythat/inwhich/不填hespeakstohismother.Imasteredthewaythat/which/不填hetoldme.2.介词+which选择介词的三原则:1.根据句子意思表达的需要2.根据从句中动词或形容词与介词的搭配习惯3.根据先行词和介词的搭配习惯真题感悟31.Creatinganatmosphereinwhichemployeesfeelpartofateamisabigchallenge.2Thebossofthecompanyistryingtocreateaneasyatmospherewherehisemployeesenjoytheirwork.3.Shehasagiftforcreatinganatmosphereforherstud
本文标题:高考英语语法定语从句讲解与练习附答案
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