The-Rebellion-of-Tess--苔丝的反叛精神

TheRebellionofTess苔丝的反叛精神ContentsAbstract………………………………………..………………...…………………ⅠKeyWords…………………………………………………………………….…....Ⅰ摘要…………………………………………………………………………….........Ⅱ关键词…………………………………………………………………………….….ⅡIntroduction…………………………………………………………..…..……........1I.DifferentReasonsfortheRebellionofTess………………….…………...…...….3A.ReasonsforSubsistence……………………………...…..………….…………31.AHardLifeforPeasants………………………………………..…….....….32.UnequalMoralityforFemale……………….……………………...........….33.MaleDominationofWomen…..………………………...………..…..…….44.ClassOppression…….…………………………………..…………….……5B.ReasonsforHerNature……….……………………………………..…...….…61.HerSenseofResponsibility………………….………………..……….62.Self-respect…………………………………………...……………….……63.HerAggressiveCharacter……………………..……………………..……..6II.TwoCharactersoftheRebellion………………………………..………………..8A.HerCharacterofResolution…………………………...……….……….……81.NeverYieldtoPressurefromtheSociety….…………………….………82.KeepingApartnesstoAlecandKillingHimFinally………….........……...9B.HerCharacterofCowardliness……………………...……………….………..101.HerLoveforClare………………….………………………………...….102.HerSecondStaywithAlec………………………………….…….……....123.HerOriginalOpinionsandFantasy………………………….…….……....13Conclusion………………………………………………………………………......15Acknowledgements…………………………………………………………..….....16Notes…………………...…………………………………………………..………..17Bibliography……………………………………………………………………...18AbstractTessoftheD’UrbervillesisregardedasthemostsuccessfultragicmasterpieceofThomasHardy.Inthisthesis,theauthortriestoanalyzetherevoltofTessintwomainaspects:reasonsfortherebellionandcharactersoftherebellion.Theformeroneiscausedbyhuman’sinstinctandnature.ThehumaninstinctleadsTesstoopposingherfate.Tess’shealthydesiresimplytobehappyisperhapsthesourceofhergreatcourageandmoralstrength.Thelattertakesontheresolutionandcowardlinessoftherebellion,andthesurfaceofthecowardlinessoftherebellionistheawakeningofconsciousnessandnoblepersonality,whichfoilsthenovel’sthemeanditsvalueandfurtherillustratestheinjusticeforfemaleinVictorianEngland.Sosucharebellionisimpossibletobeavoided.KeyWordsRebellion;self-respect;resolution;womenawakening;womenconsciousness摘要《德伯家的苔丝》是托马斯.哈代最杰出的悲剧作品。论文叙述了小说中女主人公反叛的原因和特征。一方面，人类的本性促使苔丝对她的命运进行抗争。苔丝强烈地希望得到幸福也许就是她强大勇气和道德力量的来源。同时文章分析了女主人公反叛的坚决性和软弱性，而表面的软弱性是为反叛意识的觉醒和高贵人格的体现作铺垫，从而反衬作品的主题思想和价值意义，进一步验证了维多利亚时代的英格兰对女性的不公平对待。因此，这样一个反叛是不可避免的。关键词反叛；自尊；坚决性；女性觉醒；女性意识IntroductionThomasHardy,whowasbornonJune2,1840,isoneofthegreatestwritersinthehistoryofEnglishliterature,andTessoftheD’Urbervillesisoneofhismostsuccessfulnovels.HardycannotsolelybelabeledaVictoriannovelist,norcanhebecategorizedsimplyasaModernist.Asatraditionalwriter,hewasdeterminedtoexplodetheconventionsofnineteenth-centuryliteratureandbuiltanewkindofnovelinitsplace.Inmanyrespects,Hardywastrappedinthemiddlegroundbetweenthenineteenthandtwentiethcenturies,betweenVictoriansensibilitiesandmoremodernones,andbetweentraditionandinnovation.Tessofthed’Urbervilleswaspublishedin1891.ItisgenerallyregardedasHardy’stragicmasterpiece,andcertainlyitishismostambitioustragicnovel.Thoughisit,therearealsomanyhearteningpassageshidinginthearticle.Inthisnovel,HardydemonstrateshisdeepsenseofmoralsympathyforEngland’slowerclasses,particularlyforruralwomen.Hebecamefamousforhiscompassionate,oftencontroversialportrayalofyoungwomenvictimizedbytheself-righteousrigidityofEnglishsocialmorality.Apureandloyalyoungwoman,alsointelligent,strikinglyattractive,anddistinguishedbyherdeepmoralsensitivity,andpassionateintensity,Tessisthecentralcharacterofthenovel.Butherinexperienceandlackofwiseparentingleaveherextremelyvulnerable.InTess’stime,Englandismakingitsslowandpainfultransitionfromanold-fashioned,agriculturalnationtoamodern,industrialone.Thesocietyisfulloftremendouschangesinalmosteveryrespect.Moreandmorepeasantsbecomeimpoverishedandliveamiserablelife.Workersproducebeyondsubsistence.Therefore,herlifeiscomplicatedwhenherfatherdiscoversalinktothenoblelinkofthed’Urbervilles,and,asaresult,Tessissenttoworkatthed’Urbervillemansion.Unfortunately,heridealscannotpreventherfromslidingfurtherandfurtherintomisfortuneaftershebecomespregnantbyAlec.Then,becauseofstrongloveandpurity,shedoesnotwanttocheatClare.Withthehopeofmercy,shetellsallherpast.But,sotragedyforher,justthemanwhosaystoloveherdeeplyabandonshistroth,andrefusesherexplanationsabsolutelyinthebridalevening.Fromnowon,ClaredoesnotcontactwithTessinalongtime,nomatterhowsheisdifficult.Asasimplecountrygirl,withalotofmisfortune,Tessfinallydecidestorebelagainstcommoncustomsbravelyaftershetrieshardesttobegood,herbadluckwhichiscausedbyother’smistakesconspirestogetherintotrouble,ascondemnationbythesocietyanddiscardbyherhusband.Alloftheseistooinjusticetoendure,sotherebellioncannotbeavoided,nomorethanatimematter.I.DifferentReasonsfortheRebellionofTessA.ReasonsforSubsistence1.AHardLifeforPeasantsInTess’stime,thesocietyisfulloftremendouschangesinalmosteveryrespect.Theindustrialrevolutioncontinuestodevelopinspiteofthesocialevilsthataccompanied.TheemergenceoflocomotivesthrowsBritainintoafrenzyofrailwaybuilding.Agricultureisfurthermechanized.Tradeandc