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1近几年来,阅读理解题在试卷中所占的比重有所增加。纵观近年来中考英语阅读理解试题,它们有以下特点:试题难度适中,文章选材符合《考试大纲》的基本要求,保证了题材类型多样;对阅读理解的几种技能考查比较全面;文章篇幅和阅读量略有增加;文章内容积极健康,兼具知识性、实用性、思想性和教育性;题型日益多样化,标准选择题、是非判断题、主观回答题从整体上看,中考阅读理解试题基本都做到了以下几个方面:第一,阅读材料信息含量大,体现在文章的题材多样化,材料具有真实性,原汁原味,选材新,避免选取广为流传和人所共知的材料,内容涉及到科技、社会、文化、政治、经济、生活等。第二,文章有易有难,长短搭配适度,命题者注意到合理把握文章及句子的难度;第三,恰当控制生词的数量,较好地处理合成词与派生词。第四、阅读材料的主题明确,话题新颖,有时代感。第五、语言地道,条理清晰,结构紧凑,在时间顺序、空间顺序或逻辑推理上有较大的复杂性。第六、体裁多样化,有叙述文、说明文、议论文、应用文等。有的试题是有关考查特定信息能力的广告、公告类材料,也有的是选用科普、新闻等体裁阅读能力重点考查点为以下几种阅读技能:一、信息搜寻准确到位的能力这类试题常见的测试方式有根据文章判断选项的正误、筛选错误的信息、挑选符合题意的选项等。02)Thesetwolettersappearedinanewspaper.BothwriteshavetheirownideasonzoosZoosDoaGoodJobItisgoodtokeepanimalsinzoos.Iknowalotofpeoplethinkitiswrongtokeepanimalsinzoos.However,Ibelievethatzooshavemanypoints.ZoosAreUnnaturalInMaria’sletter,shesaysthatzoosaregoodforanimals.Iamafraidthatzoosarenotgoodforanimals,theyareonlygoodforpeople.(T)MariaandPhiliphavequitedifferentideasonkeepinganimalsinzoos.Firstly,zoosareplacesforpeopletoseemanydifferentkindsofanimalsfromallovertheworld.Withoutzoos,mostpeoplewouldneverseearealbearortiger….Itisunnaturalandunfairtokeepwildanimalsincages.Mostanimalsarekeptincagesthataretoosmallforthem.Inthewild,theseanimalstravelfreely.Inzoos,theycan’tdothis.Thisiswhythebearsandtigersalwayslooksosad…(F)InMaria’sopinion,arealbearortigercanonlybeseeninzoos.二、对细节语义转换理解的能力这类试题往往提供数字、图标和文字描写等特定的情景,常常要求考生换个角度思考,只不过是叙述的角度与表述的语言不同。这类试题在阅读理解试题中占的比例较大。01(A)JOINUSINTHEHUANPURIVERTOURTheHuanpuRiverismust-seefortourists.Youcanenjoythe“museumofinternationalarchitectureontheBund”andtheskylineofLujiazuiinPudong…Youcanalsoseevideos,sing2songsorwatchwonderfulperformancesontheboat.(T)TheHuanpuRiverisaverypopularplacefortourist.(T)Differentkindsofrecreationsareofferedontheboat.ThetourguidewilltellyousomethingaboutShanghai’stodayandyesterdaybothinChineseandinEnglish...Weofferthreedifferentboattoursalongtherivereveryday.Oneisthe1.5-hourtriptoseeYangpuBridgeatthepriceof25-35yuan($3-4.2).Thesecondisthe2-hourtriptoGaoqiaoatthepriceof50-100yuan($6-12).Thethirdtripisthe3.5-hourtriptoWusongkou,themouthoftheYangtzeRiverwhereitrunsintotheEastChinaSea.Thiscosts50-100yuan($6-12)...(T)It’snotdifficultforforeignerstolearnsomethingaboutShanghaiontheboat.(F)IttakestwohourstotraveltoYangpuBridge.(F)ThetriptoGaoqiaoisthemostexpensiveandittakesmosttime.三、对词义转换的理解能力这类试题常见的命题方式是根据上下文猜测划线词的语义或者选择一个近义词等。NewYork,London,Pairsandotherbigcitiesareexcitingplacestolivein.Therearemayinterestingthingstoseeandtodo.Youcangotodifferentkindsofmuseums,playsandfilms.Youcanalsobuythingsfromallovertheworld.“T”or“F”(T)1.Inbigcitiespeoplecangototheallkindsofmuseums,playsandmovies(T)2.Peoplecanbuythingsfromthroughouttheworld.四、具备一定的经验常识的能力此类题主要是考查中学生应有的多项综合知识,包括:社会知识、天文知识、史地知识、科普知识、语言国家的文化背景及对生活常识的主观掌握程度。此类题往往可以凭借学生自己的常识进行判断,然后做出正确、符合这些规律的选择。(03)Winterisdangerousbecauseit’ssodifficulttoknowwhatisgoingtohappenandaccidentstakeplacesoeasily.Fogcanbewaitingtomeetyouoverthetopofahill.Icemightbehidingunderthemeltingsnow,waitingaheadtosendyouofftheroad.Thecarcomingtoyoumaysuddenlyslipacrosstheroad…Generally,alltwiceofyourusualstoppingdistancewhentheroadiswet,threetimesthisdistanceonsnow,andevenmoreonice.WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUE?A.Trafficaccidentstakeplaceeasilyinwinter.B.Fogandmeltingsnowoftencausecaraccidents.C.Thestoppingdistanceoniceisaslongastheusualone.D.Inwinteryoushoulddriveyourcarwithgreatcare.(c)五、对文章主旨、作者图意的分析能力这属于较高层次的考查思维能力的试题,包括考查想像思维、逻辑思维以及从局部到整体的概括思维能力等。虽然一篇文章的细节内容可能很多,但是核心思想都可以用一句或几句话概括,甚至三言两语即可。“归纳”和概括“考查的重点是在理解文章的基础上对文章进一步分析和整理的能力,它可以要求归纳某一段落的中心思想,也可以要求对文章整篇内容3做归纳,如给文章选择合适的标题等。寻找主题句往往是做好此类题的关键。因此,在做题时,要注意每段的主题句(往往为第一句)。英文叫“TopicSentence”,它一般都用来表示一个段落的主旨大意,有时会在文章的最后一段总结文章的主旨,抓住主题句,就不难确定文章的最佳标题。这一类题型为主题问题。如:Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?Whatdoesthepassagemailytalkabout?Whatdoesthewriterwanttotellus?Fromthepassage,welearnthat…另一类为标题问题。Whichisthebesttitleofthisarticle?(05)WhenmyfamilymovedtoAmericafromasmallvillageinGuangdong,China,webroughtnotonlyourluggage,butalsoourvillagerules,customsandculture,Oneoftherulesisthatyoungpeopleshouldalwaysrespectelders.Unluckily,thisruleledtomyveryfirstembarrassmentintheUnitedStates.Whichisthebesttitleforthispassage?(a)A.Differentcountries,differentcustomsB.Oldpeople,oldcustomsC.Differentrestaurants,differentservices.D.Differencesbetweenoldandyoung.(01)Everyonecanhelptosavepaper.Ifweallthinkcarefully,wecanhelpprotecttrees.Butweshoulddoitnow,beforeitistoolate.Whichisthebesttitleofthepassage?(a)A.SavingpaperB.TheHistoryofpaperC.CottonHandkerchiefsBackAgainD.CaiLun,theGreatInventor02Fromthepassage,welearnthat___A.weneedwoodtobuildhouses,sowehavetocutdowntrees.B.therainforestpeoplehavedonesomethingtoprotecttheirhome.C.tohumans,goldismoreimportantthantrees.D.wemustn’tcutdownanytreesorkillanyanimals.(b)六、获取事实、分析细节的能力此类题型的问题以what、who、which、when、where、how或者why等词引导,就文中某句、某段或某一具体细节进行提问并要求考生回答。做好这类题的要领是:1.明确题意,按照要求,寻找答案来源。2.开放性问题要找准关键词,理解有些暗示的句子。3.多读文章,尤其是根问题有关的上下文,正确使用排除法。405)Aforestfirethatburned55squarekilometreswasfinallybroughtundercontrolonWednesdaymorning.ThefirestartedonSunda
本文标题:中考英语阅读技巧.ppt
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