水稻工厂化育秧流水线的播土器设计

摘要I水稻工厂化育秧流水线的播土器设计摘要II摘要水稻工厂化育秧技术是我国水稻栽培技术的发展方向，而研究设计育秧设备，是推进该技术不断发展的技术措施之一。工厂化育秧包括播土、播种、覆土、洒水等主要生产过程，通常认为播种作业是非常重要的过程，但是，播土作业同样是育秧过程中不可缺少的重要环节，由于传统的育秧过程中每穴种子数多，对播土与覆土要求不十分严格，随着超级稻育秧技术兴起，每穴种子数减少，播种精度提高，对播/覆土要求十分严格，如播土厚度不均匀将影响育秧质量。本文简要的介绍了国内外的育秧技术的发展情况和国内现有的播土装置的构造优缺点，分析并提出现有播土装置的缺陷，设计出新型播土装置，并对此进行了全面的理论分析与研究。本文的研究结论如下：1）系统地介绍了我国现有播、覆土装置的研究现状，详细的分析了它们的结构特点和不足，在此基础之上，研制出一种排土稳定均匀的播土装置，选取V形推土片大直径滚筒作为排土部分的关键部件。2）确定了V形推土片大直径滚筒播土装置的滚筒结构参数、V形推土片的结构参数和分布情况。利用土壤与钢的摩擦角和摩擦系数，确定了土箱排土口位置、导流板与水平面的夹角γ和挡土板的结构、位置参数。从理论上建立了滚筒转速与生产率、播土厚度、V形推土片宽度时间的数学模型，建立了排土量与滚筒转速、V形推土片参数之间的数学模型。利用CATIA软件装配模块建立了播土装置的3D模型。关键词：水稻；秧盘育秧；播土装置；工厂化育秧AbstractIIIDesignofSpreadingSoilDeviceforFactorRiceSeedling-NurseryAbstractThetechnologyofFactorySeedling-nurseryisthedevelopmentdirectionofthepaddycultivatingtechnologyinourcountry,toresearchanddesigntheseedling-nurserydeviceisoneofthemostimportantmethodstoimpeltheseedling-nurserytechnologytodevelopunceasingly.FactorySeedling-nurseryismadeupoffourprocesseswhichareSoil-spread,Precisionseeding,Soil-coverandWaterspray.Intheusuallyopinion,themostimportantprocessisthePrecisionseeding,buttheprocessofsoil-spreadisalsoessentialtotheseedling-nursery.Withthedevelopmentofthetechnologyofsuperpaddyseedling-nursery,thenumberoftheseedsinperholeisdecreasedandtheseedingprecisionisenhanced,soitismuchstricttotheprocessesofSoil-spreadandSoil-cover,thequalityofseedlingwillbereducedifthethicknessofsoilinthetrayisnotuniformity.Basedonthecomprehensiveintroductiontothestructuralcharacteristicsofseedlingdevelopmentofdomesticandforeigntechnologyandtheexistingdomesticbroadcastequipmentonthebasisofsoilanalysisandpointedoutthedeficienciesofthepriorsowingsoilmeansproposednewsowingsoilmeans,andthisconducttheoreticalanalysisandsystematicresearch.Researchconclusionsareasfollows:1)Onthebasisofintroducingtheresearchconditionofthesoil-spreadandsoil-coverdevicesintheinternationalanddomesticcountriesbythenumbers,andanalyzingtheirstructurecharacteristicandshortageindetails,thepurposeoftheresearchinthethesiswasputtedforward:aspreadingsoildevicewhichspreadsandcoverssoilsteadilyisdeveloped,thelargediameterdrumwithV-shapedtabletasthesoil-spreadcomponentsofthespreadingsoildeviceischosen.2)ThesizesofthelagerdrumwiththeV-shapedtabletwereconfirmed,andthedistributionoftheV-shapedtabletonthefilmofthedrumwasalsoconfirmedinordertoensurethespreadingsoildevicetospreadsoilcontinuouslywhenthedrumrotatesslowly.Madefulluseofthefrictionanglebetweensoilandsteel,thepositionofthesoilboxplacket,thegradientofthesoil-leadboardwasconfirmed.Inordertopreventthesoilsplashing,ablockwasdesigned.Thethesissetupthemechanicsmodelthatindicatestherelationbetweentherotatespeedofthedrumandproductivity,thethicknessofthesoilinthetray,thewidthoftheV-shapedtablet,andsetupthemechanicsmodelthatindicatestherelationbetweenthevolumeofthesoilexpelledfromthesoilboxpersecondandtherotatespeedofthedrum,thesizesoftheV-shapedtablet.OnthebasisofthePro/Esoftware,the3DsiMULationmodelofAbstractIVthespreadingsoildevicewassetup.KeyWords：Rice；SeedlingTrays；SpreadingSoilDevice；FactorySeedling-nursery目录i目录摘要..........................................................................................................................IIAbstract..................................................................................................................III1绪论..................................................................................................................-1-1.1课题背景...................................................................................................-1-1.1.1水稻的生产情况及意义....................................................................-1-1.1.2水稻的主要种植模式及分布区域....................................................-2-1.1.3水稻种植技术的多样性....................................................................-3-1.1.4所设计的播土装置的目的与意义....................................................-3-1.2播土装置国内外发展现状.......................................................................-4-1.2.1国外研究现状....................................................................................-4-1.2.2国内研究现状....................................................................................-4-1.3研究内容...................................................................................................-5-2水稻秧盘育秧精密播种流水线的工作原理..................................................-7-2.1总体结构...................................................................................................-7-2.2播土装置的整体结构方案确定...............................................................-7-2.3工作原理...................................................................................................-8-3播土装置的结构设计......................................................................................-9-3.1排土结构的设计.......................................................................................-9-3.2导流板设计.............................................................................................-18-3.3挡土板设计............................................................