基于单片机的超声波测距仪的设计参考论文

湖南工业大学本科毕业设计（论文）1（2008届）本科毕业设计（论文）基于单片机的超声波测距仪的设计学院（部）：电子电气工程系专业：电子信息工程学生姓名：杨姣秀班级：电信041学号13指导教师姓名：罗德凌职称讲师最终评定成绩2008年06月湖南工业大学本科毕业设计（论文）基于单片机的超声波测距仪的设计学院（部）：电子电气工程系专业：电子信息工程学号：13学生姓名：杨姣秀指导教师：罗德凌讲师2008年06月湖南工业大学本科毕业设计（论文）I摘要本设计介绍了基于单片机控制的超声测距仪的原理：由AT89C51控制定时器产生超声波脉冲并计时，计算超声波自发射至接收的往返时间，从而得到实测距离。并且在数据处理中采用了温度补偿的调整，用四位LED数码管切换显示距离和温度。整个硬件电路由超声波发射电路、超声波接收电路、电源电路、显示电路等模块组成。各探头的信号经单片机综合分析处理，实现超声波测距仪的各种功能。在此基础上设计了系统的总体方案，最后通过硬件和软件实现了各个功能模块。相关部分附有硬件电路图、程序流程图，给出了系统构成、电路原理及程序设计。此系统具有易控制、工作可靠、测距准确度高、可读性强和流程清晰等优点。实现后的作品可用于需要测量距离参数的各种应用场合。关键词：AT89C51，超声波，温度补偿，测距湖南工业大学本科毕业设计（论文）IIABSTRACTThedesignintroducestheprincipleoftheultrasonicdistancemeasurementinstrumentbasedonSCMC-controlled:AT89C51controlstimerstoproducetheultrasonicwavepulseandtime,countthetimeofultrasonicwavespontaneousemissiontoreceiveround-trip,thusobtainsthemeasureddistance.Andthetemperaturecompensationadjustmentisusedinthedataprocessing,withfourLEDnixietubesdisplaydistanceortemperaturebyswitching.Theentirehardwarecircuitiscomposedbyultrasonictransmittercircuit,ultrasonicreceivercircuit,thepowercircuit,displaycircuit,andothermodules.TheprobesignalsareintegratedanalysisedbySCMCtoachievethevariousfunctionsofultrasonicdistancemeasurementinstrument.Basedonthishasdesignedsystem'soverallconcept,finaladoptionofhardwareandsoftwaretoachievethevariousfunctionalmodules.Therelevantpartshavethehardwareschematicsandprocessflowchart.Ithasgiventhesystemconstitution,thecircuitryandtheprogramming.Theinstrumentsystemhasfeatures:easeofcontrol,stabilityofoperation,highnessofprecisionanddistinctnessofprogrammeprocess,etc.Aftertherealizationoftheworkscanbeusedforneedsofthevariousparametersmeasureddistanceapplications.Keywords:AT89C51,Ultrasonicwave,Temperaturecompensation,Measuredistance湖南工业大学本科毕业设计（论文）III目录第1章绪论....................................................................................................................11.1课题研究的背景......................................................................................................11.2课题研究的意义......................................................................................................11.3论文结构..................................................................................................................2第2章超声波测距原理............................................................................................32.1超声波简介..............................................................................................................32.2超声波测距原理......................................................................................................3第3章方案论证..........................................................................................................53.1设计思路..................................................................................................................53.2系统结构设计..........................................................................................................6第4章主要元件介绍.................................................................................................74.1单片机AT89C51.....................................................................................................74.2超声波传感器T40、R40........................................................................................94.3温度传感器DS18B20...........................................................................................10第5章硬件电路设计...............................................................................................115.1超声波发射电路....................................................................................................115.2超声波接收电路....................................................................................................115.3显示电路................................................................................................................125.4电源电路................................................................................................................135.5复位电路................................................................................................................13第6章软件设计........................................................................................................146.1主程序流程............................................................................................................146.2子程序设计............................................................................................................166.2.1超声波发送子程序及超声波接收中断子程序..........................................166.2.2测温子程序..................................................................................................176.2.3距离计算子程序..........................................................................................186.2.4显示子程序和键盘扫描子程序..................................................................18第7章软件调试及系统仿真.................................................................................197.1软件编译调试环境——Keil.................................................................................197.2Keil工程文件的建立、设置与目标文件的获得............