基英Unit-10

Unit10TheIdiocyofUrbanLifeContentPartIPre-readingQuestionsPartIIBackgroundknowledgePartIIIStructuralanalysisPartIVTextstudyPartVRhetoricalfeaturesPartVIConclusionPartIPre-readingQuestions•1.Canyoudescribewhataretheurbanlifeandthecountrylife?•2.Wheredoyouprefertolive,inthecityorinthecountry?Why?PartIIBackgroundknowledgeAuthor:HenryFairlie•(1924-1990)•Politicaljournalist,socialcritic•Bestknownforcoiningtheterm“theEstablishment”•Hewastheauthoroffivebooks,mostnotablyTheKennedyPromise.城市化(urbanization)•城市化，又称城镇化，是指人口不断向城市聚集，城市数量和规模不断膨胀的现象。是在工业革命和商业革命共同作用之下的历史进程。一般城市化程度的大小是以都市人口占全国人口的比例来评定，数值越高，城市化程度越高。逆城市化(counter-urbanization)•“逆城市化”是“城市化”发展到一定阶段派生出来的新潮流。城市化发展水平越高，“逆城市化”趋势越强。•当城市的发展到了一定极限，就得调整和优化城市的功能结构和空间结构，由此，中心城市的各种功能，比如政治中心、经济中心、文化中心以及居住和休闲娱乐等功能纷纷向有条件的中小城镇及乡村分解。这些功能分解就是“逆城市化”。逆城市化主要表现•第一，城市人口向郊区移动，城郊差别减小。•第二，城市人口减少，城市规模缩小。PartIIIStructuralanalysis•Thistextcanbedividedintothreeparts.•PartOne(Paragraphs1-2):Inthispart,theauthorcontrastshumanbeingswithratsintermsoftheirurbanlives.Itstartswithadescriptionofacivilurbanlifeatnight,whenratsareactiveinthecity.Thenitiscontrastedwiththeurbanlifeofhumanbeings.Finallythewriterpresentsthethesisofhisargument:aggressivelyindividualisticandatomizedurbanlifetodaygoesagainstboththepurposeofthecityandthehumannature,andthusisfoolish.•PartTwo(Paragraphs3-9):Inthispart,theauthorprovidesevidencesfortheidiocyofurbanlife.•Para.3-4:discussingthepretenseofcitydwellerswhentheytrytoliveoutsidethecityboundaries•Para.5-6:puttingforwardthepointthatcityworkisanunrealenvironment•Para.7:provingthatthecitydwellersliveandworkinanunrealenvironment•Para.8-9:showingthedamagedonebytheofficeworktothephysicalconditionsoftheworkers•Part3(Paragraph10):Inthispart,thewritersummarizestheidiocyofurbanlifeandtheultimatereasonsforthisphenomenon.Ontheonehand,citydwellerstrytosimulaterurallife,andontheotherhand,theydisdainandmockthislife.PartIVTextstudyPartOne(Paragraphs1-2)Questions:1.Whatisurbanlifelikeatnight?2.Howdoestheauthorcontrasthumanbeingswithratsintermsoftheirurbanlife?3.Dowehaveauniquelifestyleincities?Why?PartOne(Paragraphs1-2):•Civil:a.politeandformal•e.g.Hismannerwascivil,thoughnotparticularlyfriendly.•Idiocy:n.extremefoolishness•e.g.Errormessageboxesstoptheproceedingswithidiocyandshouldbeavoided.PartOne(Paragraphs1-2):•cruise:v.(ofavehicleoritsdriver)travel(atanefficientspeed)•e.g.Airlinersnowcruisetheoceanatgreatspeed.现在的班机以高速作越洋飞行。•……cruiseseasilythroughblinkingtrafficlights:……moveseasilythroughtrafficlightsandturnredandgreenalternatelyPartOne(Paragraphs1-2):•Sleek:a.(ofhair,furorskin)smoothandshiny•e.g.Thecatlookedverysleekandwellfed.这只猫毛很光滑，看来喂得很好。•Well-groomed:a.(ofaperson)withcarefullytendedhair,clothesetc.•e.g.Exceptionallywell-groomedandpresented.着装整齐，长相端正.PartOne(Paragraphs1-2):•reign:v.holdroyaloffice;prevail;rule•e.g.Peacewouldthenreignovertheworld.到那时和平会在整个世界上占上风。•urbane:a.Polite,refined,andoftenelegantinmanner.•e.g.Heisaurbanepersonthatwealllikeher.PartOne(Paragraphs1-2):•Turningpointintolies:•Doingpropaganda宣传workonpaper•Aninsomniacnight:•AnsleeplessnightPartOne(Paragraphs1-2):•Theratrace:•awayoflifeinmodernsociety,characterizedbypeoplecompetingwitheachotherforpowerandmoney.•激烈的竞争•e.g.We'realllivingintheratrace.我们都生活在激烈竞争中。PartOne(Paragraphs1-2)•Congregate:v.collectorgatherintoamass•e.g.Thecrowdcongregateinthesquaretohearthepresidentspeak.成群的人聚集在广场上听总统演讲。•Gregarious:a.sociable,fondofcompany•e.g.Theseanimalsarehighlygregarious.这些动物非常喜欢群居。PartOne(Paragraphs1-2):•Atomize:v.reducetoatomsforfineparticles.•e.g.Criticssaythegrouphasatomizedaroundseveralleaders.评论家们说该团体已分裂成以几个头目为核心的小派别。•Forpropercombustionitisnecessarytoatomizethepropellants.为了有效地进行燃烧，推进剂必须雾化。PartOne(Paragraphs1-2):Paraphrase•Urbanlife,duringthehourswhentheyreign,isurbane.(paragraph1)•Ratsmakecitylifeorderlyandcourteouswhentheydominatethecitydeepatnight.PartTwo(Paragraphs3-9):Questions:1.Howmanyaspectsofthelunacyofmoderncitylifedoestheauthorreferto?2.Howdoestheauthordiscussthatthecitydwellersarelivinginanunrealenvironment?3.WhatcausesAmericanstobethemostround-shoulderedintheworld?LongIsland•Along,narrowislandofsoutheastNewYorkborderedonthesouthbytheAtlanticOcean.LongIslandSound,anarmoftheAtlantic,separatesitfromConnecticutonthenorth.ThewesternpartofLongIslandincludestwoboroughsofNewYorkCity.theHamptons•TheHamptonsTheHamptonsmayrefertoabout24villagesandhamletsinthetownsofSouthamptonandEastHamptononthefareastendofLongIsland,NewYork.ThesetownshipsoccupytheSouthForkofLongIsland,stretchingintotheAtlanticOcean.TheHamptonsformapopularseasideresort,oneofthehistoricalSummerColoniesoftheAmericanNortheast.Theyhavesomeofthemost-expensiveresidentialpropertyintheU.S.,withthreeintheTop10mostexpensiveZIPcodes.YMCA基督教青年会•AnacronymforYoungMen'sChristianAssociation,whichwasfoundedonJune6,1844inLondon,England,byGeorgeWilliams.TheoriginalintentionoftheorganizationwastoputChristianprinciplesintopractice.PartTwo(Paragraphs3-9):•Exurb:n.adistrictoutsideacity(远郊)•Rururb:n.anareasharingruralandurbanwaysoflife(rural+urban)•Rubstosome:rubsascalledb