高层建筑及居民小区覆盖综合解决方案

关于高层住宅及住宅小区GSM移动通信无线网络覆盖优化综合解决方案2009年目录一、住宅小区无线覆盖优化建设的思路···················错误!未定义书签。1、概况····················································································错误!未定义书签。2、住宅小区现有无线网络状况分析················································错误!未定义书签。3、小区现有环境状况分析····························································错误!未定义书签。（1）远离市区的别墅区···············································································错误!未定义书签。（2）城市中密集的民房···············································································错误!未定义书签。（3）旧式密集规划小区···············································································错误!未定义书签。（4）整齐的新式花园小区···········································································错误!未定义书签。（5）分散的高层···························································································错误!未定义书签。4、小区的覆盖类型·····································································错误!未定义书签。5、不同类型住宅小区的推荐优化方案·············································错误!未定义书签。（1）远离市区的别墅区···············································································错误!未定义书签。（2）城市中密集的民房···············································································错误!未定义书签。（3）旧式密集规划小区···············································································错误!未定义书签。（4）整齐的新式花园小区···········································································错误!未定义书签。（5）分散的高层···························································································错误!未定义书签。（6）只存在弱信号覆盖、需要提高通话质量的小区·······························错误!未定义书签。（7）独立的高层建筑···················································································错误!未定义书签。二、住宅小区无线覆盖优化的实施步骤···················错误!未定义书签。1、勘测····················································································错误!未定义书签。2、方案的设计···········································································错误!未定义书签。3、工程的实施···········································································错误!未定义书签。三、住宅小区无线覆盖优化建设的注意事项··········错误!未定义书签。1、设备的安装···········································································错误!未定义书签。2、住宅小区覆盖和容量设计·························································错误!未定义书签。3、站址选择··············································································错误!未定义书签。4、天线选择··············································································错误!未定义书签。5、覆盖估计··············································································错误!未定义书签。6、容量规划··············································································错误!未定义书签。7、频率规划··············································································错误!未定义书签。8、小区参数考虑········································································错误!未定义书签。9、其它注意事项：·····································································错误!未定义书签。四、住宅小区无线覆盖优化建设后的深层次的网络优化工作错误!未定义书签。1、网络优化过程大致分为五个阶段：·············································错误!未定义书签。2、数据收集与网络现行状态的调查················································错误!未定义书签。3.问题分析···············································································错误!未定义书签。4.优化方案的设计与论证·····························································错误!未定义书签。5.方案实施效果跟踪与微调阶段····················································错误!未定义书签。6.优化总结···············································································错误!未定义书签。住宅小区无线网络优化的技术建议中国移动通信GSM网络建设根据其不同时期的建设重点，其GSM网络覆盖发展，可分为如下几个阶段：建设前期，为大面积的覆盖建设。其建设内容包括：在人流量较大的公共场所，及明显的信号盲区和弱区建设大型的基站、直放站、室内分布系统，解决大面上的覆盖。建设中期，主要解决容量问题。随着覆盖面积的增加，用户的增长，在话务量大的地点建设分布系统，同时解决容量和质量的问题。建设后期，主要内容包括优化网络资源、网络潜力的发掘和深度覆盖。该时期内，解决客户投诉区域的信号分布，客户满意度成为主要衡量网络质量的标准之一。当前，中国移动GSM通信网络的大规模建设时期已经过去，网络建设也进入了后期阶段，深入覆盖和优化成为当前网络建设的重点。随着直放站、室内分布系统的建设，城市中的公共场所，如：宾馆、酒店、写字楼、商务会所、地下场所等由于建筑物的阻挡和信号的快衰等因素而形成的弱、盲区逐步得到解决，但是仍存在局部区域，如居民住宅小区，由于无线网络环境和物理环境的复杂性使得工程难度较高，弱、盲问题一直无法解决。并且，随着经济的不断发展和城市建设的日新月异，高层住宅楼和高档的居民小区不断增多，蜂窝移动通信基站已经不能完全适应不断变化的环境需求，导致业务区内可能形成许多新的信号弱、盲区。居民住宅小区作为一个城市人口特定时段最集中的区域之一，其深入覆盖及优化，已经成为当前网络优化工作的重点；同时，由于小区这里环境的特殊性，也成了覆盖工作中的难点。各类小区的环境复杂，建筑形态各异，无线环境复杂，无线信号快衰严重，物业协调沟通难度大，施工难度大，工程要求相对偏高。因此，居民小区覆盖问题，直接影响到网络质量和服务质量。该类问题的解决，也将直接降低用户投诉率，提高顾客满意度。根据我公司在居民小区覆盖建设方面的丰富经验，结合目前中国移动公司内蒙分公司的小区网络现状，我们在小区的网络覆盖优化方面提出如下技术建议。一、住宅小区无线覆盖优化建设的思路1、概况结合中国移动集团公司今年“协调业务发展，实施满足市场需求的整体网络发展建设方案，更好地保障市场的发展；严格把好“方案关”，加强对建设项目的投入产出的分析，从公司整体发展战略和市场策略出发，确保投资效益。站在公司整体发展的角度看问题，保证资源合理高效的配置”的公司发展思路，国人通信在住宅小区无线网络优化建设方面，严格以此为指导思想，加强客户的投入与产出分析，确保运营商的投资收益，并从网络的全局出发，整体上优化网络，全面提高网络质量。对于住宅小区的无线网络优化建设在采用与解决一般覆盖问题的测试和优化手段之外，还必须通过CQT、DT及操作维护中心的数据统计等常规的网络普查手段，进行数据采集，分析和了解现网基站小区运行状况，并在不影响当前小区指标的情况下，合理设计、科学施工，达到建设目标。居民住宅小区情况各异，无线网络覆盖优化建设存在一些比较难于处理的问题，主要表现如下：房屋密度大，遮挡效应比较严重。一些房地产开发商为获得最大的经济效益，缩短房屋间距，使无线信号在小区中的传输衰落极为严重，建在小区外的宏蜂窝基站的信号根本无法穿透水泥丛林。z房型多样，建筑材料各异。各类多径反射无法控制，小区内手机通话切换频繁，并且掉话现象比较严重。用户通话时间短。在小区内的住户大多装有有线电话，手机用户主动拨打话务量相对偏低。如果通过微蜂窝方式进行逐楼覆盖，成本较高，资金回收周期长，投入产出比较低，不符合运营商经营思路。小区内各楼宇用途不同，对无线信号覆盖的要求也不尽相同：某些小区如医院不允许有无线信号；小区内办公用房的电梯要求覆盖，居民楼内的电梯则不一定有此要求。信号场强极为杂乱，一至三楼室内及楼宇之间的公共通道可能是完全无信号的通信盲区，而同一栋楼的高层接收到的信号可能极强，小区边缘如面对小区外马路的高层楼内信号可能高达-50dBm。高层住宅或者办公场所由于位置高，无线环境复杂，经常出现用户在通话过程中有杂音、掉话、无法