焊接毕业论文

IQ235储罐毕业设计四川建筑职业技术学院焊接班[姓名：刘侨II内容摘要油品和各种液体化学品的储存设备—储罐，是石油化工装置和储运系统设施的重要组成部分。近几十年来，发展了各种形式的储罐，但最常用的还是立式圆筒形储罐。本文设计的即为立式圆筒形储罐。立式圆筒形储罐需在现场施工，并且外观及内部结构设计上要经济适用，另外在设计的过程中注意储罐所受的自然环境对储罐的影响，如增强储罐的防风、防雪、抗震等功能。根据储存介质的要求来进行立式圆筒形储罐的选材，本文中储罐的介质为煤油，罐体采用Q235A钢材。罐壁结构采用不等厚罐壁，罐底采用设环形边缘板罐底，罐顶采用拱顶结构。根据施工现场的环境要求及储罐钢材、罐身厚度等参数选择合适的焊接方法及焊接材料，采用埋弧焊及手工电弧焊结合的焊接方法，做到所使用的方法快速简便且耐用。最后是对储罐整体进行检测。本文参照压力容器、大型储罐等标准，结合设计经验，着重阐述了大型立式圆筒形储罐的结构设计及焊接工艺设计的要点。关键词立式储罐；埋弧焊；手工电弧焊；焊接结构；焊接工艺AbstractIIIOilandvariousliquidchemicalsstorageequipment-tanks,chemicalplantandoilstorageandtransportationfacilities,animportantcomponentofthesystem.Astheverticalcylindricalstoragetanksneedtositeconstruction,whichinappearanceandstructuredesigntoachieveeconomicalandpayattentiontothenaturalenvironmentofthestoragetankstoragetanksufferedtheimpactofthedesignprocesstobeenhanced,toreachwind,snow,earthquake,etc.role.Thistankwallstructureusingladder-typetankwall,tankbottomedgeofplatewithcirculartankbottomset,tanktopwithdomestructure.Storagemediumaccordingtotherequirementsoftheselectionofverticalcylindricaltanks,themediainthisarticleforthekerosenetank,tankwithQ235Asteel.Accordingtotheconstructionsiteenvironmentalrequirementsandtanksteel,bodythicknessandotherparameterscanselecttheappropriateweldingmethodsandweldingmaterials,thispapercombinedwithsubmergedarcweldingandmanualarcweldingmethod,themethodusedtoachievefastandeasyanddurable.Finally,theiterativeexperimentsontheoveralltest.Thisreferencepressurevessels,largetanksandotherstandards,IVcombinedwithdesignexperience,focusingonthelargeverticalcylindricalstoragetankstructuraldesignandweldingprocessdesignelements.KeywordsVerticalTank；SAW；Manualmetalarcwelding目录（）V1绪论···························11.1立式圆筒形储罐的发展··················11.2Q235A钢材·······················21.3埋弧焊·························21.4手工电弧焊·······················32立式圆筒形储罐的罐壁设计·················42.1储罐的整体设计·····················42.2储罐的强度计算·····················42.2.1储罐壁厚计算·····················42.2.2储罐的应力校核····················52.3储罐的风力稳定计算···················52.4储罐的抗震计算·····················62.4.1地震载荷的计算····················62.4.2抗震验算·······················82.4.3液面晃动波高计算···················102.4.4地震对储罐的破坏···················102.4.5储罐抗震加固措施···················102.5罐壁结构························112.5.1截面与连接形式····················152.5.2罐壁的开孔补强····················17VI2.5.3壁板宽度·······················173立式圆筒形储罐的罐底设计·················183.1罐底结构设计······················183.1.1罐底的结构形式和特点·················183.1.2罐底的排板形式与特点·················193.2罐底的应力计算·····················204立式圆筒形储罐的罐顶设计·················184.1拱顶结构及主要的几何尺寸················184.2扇形顶板尺寸······················194.3包边角钢························265储罐的附件及其选用····················285.1透光孔·························285.2人孔··························285.3通气孔·························295.4量液孔·························305.5储罐进出液口······················305.6法兰和垫片·······················315.7盘梯··························316备料工艺·························336.1原材料储备·······················336.2钢材的预处理······················34VII6.2.1钢材的矫正······················346.2.2钢材的表面清理····················356.3放样、号料·······················356.4下料和边缘加工·····················266.5弯曲和成型·······················267装备工艺·························287.1整体装配与焊接·····················287.1.1装配方法概述·····················287.1.2倒装法装配和焊接···················287.2部件装配与焊接·····················297.2.1罐底的组装······················297.2.2顶圈壁板的组装····················297.2.3顶板的组装······················297.2.4顶板的组装······················297.2.5罐壁与罐底的连接···················427.3罐壁板组对用卡具····················427.3.1专用卡具的结构与工作原理···············427.3.2操作顺序·······················438焊接工艺·························458.1材料焊接性分析·····················458.2焊接方法························45VIII8.3焊接材料························468.4焊接设备························478.5检测··························48结论····························48致谢····························48参考文献··························48附录A(英文文献)附录B（中文翻译）IX引言Q235A韧性和塑性较好，有一定的伸长率，具有良好的焊接性能和热加工性。Q235A一般在热轧状态下使用，用其轧制的型钢、钢筋、钢板、钢管可用于制造各种焊接结构件、桥梁及一般不重要的机器零件，如螺栓、拉杆、铆钉、套环和连杆等。①由Q+数字+质量等级符号+脱氧方法符号组成。它的钢号冠以“Q”，代表钢材的屈服点，后面的数字表示屈服点数值，单位是MPa，例如Q235表示屈服点（σs）为235MPa的碳素结构钢。②必要时钢号后面可标出表示质量等级和脱氧方法的符号。质量等级符号分别为A、B、C、D。A指不做冲击，B在20度以上，C在0度以上，D在-20度以上，A到D所不同的，指的是它们性能中冲击温度的不同。分别为：Q235A级，是不作冲击韧性试验要求；Q235B级，是作常温（20℃）冲击韧性试验；Q235C级，是作0℃冲击韧性试验；Q235D级，是作-20℃冲击韧性试验。脱氧方法符号：F表示沸腾钢；b表示半镇静钢：Z表示镇静钢；TZ表示特殊镇静钢，镇静钢可不标符号，即Z和TZ都可不标。例如Q235-AF表示A级沸腾钢。碳C：≤0.22%硅Si：≤0.35%锰Mn：≤1.4%硫S：≤0.050%磷P：≤0.045%铬Cr：允许残余含量≤0.030%镍Ni：允许残余含量≤0.030%铜Cu：允许残余含量≤0.030%力学性能抗拉强度σb(MPa)：370～500屈服强度σs(MPa)：≤16时:≥235;16～40时:≥225;40～60时:≥215;60～100时:≥215;100～150时:≥195;150时:≥185伸长率δ5(%)：≤40时:≥26;40～60时:≥25;60～100时:≥24;100～150时:≥22;150～200时:≥21;冷弯（弯180°）：【纵向】钢厚度≤16时，弯心直径d=a；钢厚度16～100时，弯心直径d=2a；【横向】钢厚度≤16时，弯心直径d=1.5a；钢厚度16～100时，弯心直径d=2.5a11绪论1.1立式圆筒形储罐的发展油品和各种液体化学品的储存设备—储罐，是石油化工装置和储运系统设施的重要组成部分。自1972年采用钢制焊接储罐后，其容量逐步扩大，目前最大容量以达到432410m。近几十年来，发展了各种形式的储罐，例如大型卧式圆筒形、球形、立式圆筒形储罐等。其中在石油化工生产中大量采用大型立式圆筒形储罐。这是由于大型立式圆筒形储罐具有容积大、使用寿命长、热设计规范、制造的费用低、节约材料、易于制造、便于在内部装设工艺附件