西方文化英文简介

1.概况（WestIsWest）2.古希腊文化（TheGreekCulture）3.罗马帝国（PaxRomana）4.希伯莱文化（AnEyeforanEye）5.中世纪（TheExpansionistMedievalPeriod）6.文艺复兴（BridgeBetweentheMiddleAgesandtheModernEra）7.十七世纪（Issuesofthe17thCenturyEuropeandTheirInfluence）LECTURESTheWest•TheClassicalWest•TheMedievalWest••TheModernWestGreco-RomanJudeo-ChristianTransitionalPeriodRenaissance&ReformationScientificRevolutionEnlightenmentEraofRevolutionGreatWars&ColdWarDynamicChangesWhatis“Culture”?《辞海》:人类社会由野蛮而至文明，其努力所得之成绩，表现于各方面者，为科学、艺术、宗教、道德、法律、风俗、习惯等，其综合体，则谓之文化。Culture:Theideas,customs,skills,arts,etc.ofagivenpeopleinagivenperiod.(Webster’sNewWorldDictionary,1985)“Apeoplewithouttheknowledgeoftheirpasthistory,originandcultureislikeatreewithoutroots.”--MarcusGarvey(Jamaicanpublisher)--SirFrancisBacon“Historiesmakemenwise;poemswitty;themathematicssubtle;naturalphilosophydeep;moralgrave;logicandrhetoricabletocontend.”GreekColumnCapitals=themasculinestyle=thefemininestyleCorinthianDoricIonicCaryatid(女像柱)UnitOneWestisWest“TheWest”--developedcountriesTerra(Roman)=Gaia(Greek)=EarthMotherMediterraneanSeaTwoelementsofWesternCulture•TheGreco-Romanelement•TheJudeo-ChristianelementTwoelementsofWesternCultureTwoelementsofWesternCulture•Place:aroundtheMediterraneanSea•People:theGreeks,theJews•Language:Hellenic(古希腊語),Hebrew•Literature:mythological,religious•Classics:theHomericepics,TheBibleOriginsofWesternCulture•TheHellenicTraditionTheHebraicTraditionMythologicalcultureReligiousculturePolytheistic多神Monotheistic单神Humanism人文主義Theism神文主義Hedonism享樂Asceticism禁慾Forthisworld今生Fortheotherworld來世Secularlife世俗生話Divinelife神明生活Id(本我)&Ego(自我)Super-ego(超我)DualityThecradleofWesterncivilization?Flag?BlueandWhiteTheHellenicSeaRestlesswavesAphroditeΕλευθερίαήθάνατος(E-lef-the-ri-aiTha-na-tos)OrthodoxyChaosGaea(motherofearth)Tartarus['tɑ:tərəs](underworld)Eros(love,sexualattraction)Erebus(darkness)Nyx(night)['dʒi:ə]Gaea(theearthmotherearth)Uranus(theskylordoftheuniverse)Gaea(theearthmotherearth)Ouranos(theheavylordoftheuniverse)6Titans&6TitanessesCoeusCriusCronusHyperionLapetusMnemosyneoceanus’PhoebeRheaTethysTheiaThemisArgesBrontesSteropes3Hecatonchires[.hekətɔn'kairi:z]3Cyclopes['saiklɔps]BriareusCottusGyes(lordoftheuniverse)ThebirthofVenus(Aphrodite)—bySandroBotticelli,c.1485CronusRheaHestiaDemeterHeraPoseidonHadesZeusthelordoftheuniversewifeofZeusgoddessofwomen&marriagegoddessofagriculturegoddessofthehearthanditsfireGodofsea,horses&earthquakesgodoftheunderworldgodofagriculturegoddessofplentyCronus&RheaCronusDevouringHisChildren12OlympiansCronusRheaHestiaDemeterHeraPoseidonZeusHermesHephaestusAresApolloArtemisAthenaAphroditeOuranos(Saturn)(Uranus)EuropaZeusIslandofCreteEuropaConstellation–TaurusJovianMoon–木卫二