初中英语名词复数、语法大全

初中英语名词复数可数名词有单数（SingularForm）和复数(PluralForm)两种形式。表示一个人或物用单数形式，表示一个以上的人或物用复数形式。1．一般在词尾加-s。s在浊辅音后面读[z]，在清辅音后面读[s]，在[t]后与[t]一起读[ts]，在[d]后与[d]一起读[dz]。例如：book—books书day—days天、日dog—dogs狗tree—trees树2．以s，sh，ch，x结尾的词在词尾加-es，读[iz]例如：glass—glasses玻璃杯watch—watches手表box—boxes盒子brush—brushes刷3．以o结尾的词有些加-es，读[z]；有些加-s，读[s]。例如：tomato—tomatoes西红柿potato—potatoes土豆photo—photos相片radio—radios收音机zoo—zoos动物园4．以f或fe结尾的词，先把f改为v，再加–es，读[vz]。例如：knife—knives小刀leaf—leaves树叶life—lives生命thief—thieves小偷5．以辅音字母加y结尾的，先把y改为i，再加-es，读[z]。例如：story—stories故事city—cities城市family—families家庭baby—babies婴儿注意：boy—boys男孩toy—toys玩具key—keys钥匙6．有些名词有不规则的复数形式。例如：man—men男人woman—women妇女tooth—teeth牙齿foot—feet脚7．有些名词的单复数形式相同。例如；deer—deer鹿sheep—sheep绵羊Chinese—Chinese中国人Japanese—Japanese日本人8．有些学科名词虽以s结尾，但通常都做单数名词看待。例如：physics物理maths数学politics政治news新闻9．有些单数形式的名词具有复数的含义，要当作复数看待。例如：people人们，人民police警察public公众练习一、写出下列名词的复数形式。movielifeknifefryleafphotoradiopiaozootomatopotatobuswatchboxbookmapcatfilmdoormonthhorsepictureclassboytoothwomaneyetoothGermanChinesemanfootballchildclassroommonkeyFrenchman二、选择填空：1.Therearesome________onthehill.A.sheepsB.asheepC.sheepD.sheepes2.MrBlackoftengivesus________byEmail.A.somegoodinformationB.somegoodinformationsC.goodinformationsD.agoodinformation3.Therearesomenewbooksintheschoollibrary.Theyare____books.A.childB.childrens'C.childrenD.children's4.Ihavewornoutmyshoes,soIwanttobuyanew________.A.pairB.oneC.onesD.trousers5.Meimei'shandwritingisbetterthananyother______inhisclass.A.studentsB.studentsC.student'sD.students'6.Thehospitalisabitfarfromhere.It'sabout_______.A.fortyminutes'swalkB.fortyminute'swalkC.fortyminuteswalkD.fortyminutes'walk7.Howmany_____arethereinyourclass?A.JapaneseB.AmericanC.AustralianD.Canadian8.Ifoundmyblackcatin_____room.A.JimandMikeB.JimandMike'sC.Jim'sandMike'sD.Jim'sandMike9.Howmucharethe_____?A.breadB.meats.C.potatosD.tomatoes10.Therearemany______inourschool.A.womanteachersB.woman'steachersC.womenteachersD.women'steachers11.Threemonths________alongtimeforme.A.isB.areC.haveD.has12.Thereare______and______onthetable.A.twoboxescake;fourbottleoforangesB.twoboxescake;fourbottleoforangeC.twoboxesofcakes;fourbottlesoforangeD.twoboxofcakes;fourbottlesoforanges三、选择填空：[1].Theyare________A:mandoctorB:mendoctorsC:mendoctorD:mandoctors[2]Therearefive_____inthehill.A:sheepB:sheepsC:gooseD:deers[3]Thosewhitesocks____small.A:areB:isC:amD:do[4]Wehavemany_____inourschool.A:womanteacherB:womenteachersC:womanteachersD:womenteacher[5]Doyoulike_____?A:vegetableB:vegetablesC:anvegetable[6]Howmany_____dotheyhave?A:pictureB:picturesC:apicture[7]Therearesix____intheroom.A:volleyballB:volleyballsC:avolleyballD:volleyballs[8]Arethese____teachers?A:womanB:womenC:womans[9]Itis____.A:milkB:amilkC:anmolkD:milks[10]It’sa____.Itisn’tan____.A:apple,eggB;cake,eggC:egg,orange,D:egg,cake[11]TomandJimare___.A:friendsB:friendC:brotherD:sister[12]Wherearehis____?___thedresser.A:keys,TheyareonB:key,TheyareonC:keys,ItisatD:key,Itisin[13]Arethoseyour____?A:bookesB:boxsC:applesD:apple[14]Thereis____inourroom.A:apictureandfivemapsB:fivemapsandapictureC:twopicturesandfivemapsD:twopictureandfivemap初中英语语法大全一、名词的数我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词，而不可数名词它没有复数形式，但可数名词却有单数和复数之分，复数的构成如下：一）在后面加s。如：fathers,books,Americans,Germans,apples,bananas二）x,sh,ch,s,tch后加es。如：boxes,glasses,dresses,watches,wishes,faxes三）1）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es如：baby-babies,family-families,duty-duties,comedy-comedies,documentary-documentaries,story-stories2）以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：day-days,boy-boys,toy-toys,key-keys,ways四）以o结尾加s（外来词）。如：radios,photos,但如是辅音加o的加es：如:tomatoes西红柿,potatoes马铃薯五）以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s)。如：knife-knives,wife-wives,half-halves,shelf-shelves,leaf-leaves,yourself-yourselves六）单复数相同（不变的）有：fish,sheep,deer鹿子,Chinese,Japanese七）一般只有复数，没有单数的有：people,pants,shorts,shoes,glasses,gloves,clothes,socks八）单词形式不变，既可以是单数也可以是复数的有：police警察局，警察,class班，同学,family家，家庭成员九）合成的复数一般只加主要名词，多数为后一个单词。如：actionmovie-actionmovies,penpal-penpals;但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如：mandoctor-mendoctors,womanteacher-womenteachers十）有的单复数意思不同。如：fish鱼fishes鱼的种类,paper纸papers报纸，卷子，论文,work工作works作品，工厂,glass玻璃glasses玻璃杯，眼镜,orange桔子水oranges橙子,light光线lights灯,people人peoples民族,time时间times时代,次数,chicken鸡肉chickens小鸡十一）单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s或’s。如：Is(I’s),Ks(K’s)。但如是缩略词则只加s。如：IDs,VCDs,SARs十二）特殊形式的有：child-children,man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,mouse-mice,policeman-policemen,Englishman-Englishmen二、名词的格1．当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时，我们就要使用所有格形式。构成如下：一）单数在后面加’s。如：brother’s,Mike’s,teacher’s二）复数以s结尾的直接在s后加’，如果不是以s结尾的与单数一样处理。如：Teachers’Day教师节,classmates’;Children’sDay六一节,Women’sDay三八节三）由and并列的名词所有时，如果是共同所有同一人或物时，只加最后一个’s，但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理。如：MikeandBen’sroom迈克和本的房间（共住一间），Mike’sandBen’srooms迈克和本的房间（各自的房间）2．代词项目人称代词物主代词指示代词反身代词人称主格宾格形容词名词性第一人称单数Imemyminemyself复数weusouroursourselves第二人称单数youyouyouryoursyourself复数youyouyouryoursyourselves第三人称单数sheherherhersherselfhehimhishishimselfitititsitsthisthatitself复数theythemtheirtheirsthesethosethemselves3．动词A）第三人称单数当动词是第三人称单数时，动词应该像名词的单数变动词那样加s，如下：一）一般在词后加s。如：comes,spells,waits,talks,sees,dances,trains二）在x,sh,ch,s,tch后加es。如：watches,washes,wishe