汽车转向系统设计毕业设计说明书

摘要转向系统是汽车中一个重要的子系统，转向系统又可分为机械转向系统和动力转向系统。机械转向系统又有许多分类，其中一种就是齿轮齿条式，由于结构简单，紧凑，质量轻，刚性大，转向灵敏，制造容易，成本低，等优点，因此目前它在微型、轻型货车上得到了广泛运用。本文主要是对齿轮齿条式转向器的设计。根据汽车总体构架参数，转向系的力传动比，转向系的角传动比，采用机械设计中的齿轮设计方法设计齿轮和齿条，验算齿面接触强度。为了提高转向器的刚度，将齿轮和齿轮轴做成一体式。得出合理啮合的齿轮齿条。然后设计转向传动机构，主要设计其中的转向横拉杆和梯形臂。选择合理的转向减震器和转向操纵机构，并应用计算机软件对转向梯形进行优化，从而完成转向系统的设计。得出结构简单紧凑，零件数目少的转向系统。关键词：转向系；机械型转向器；齿轮齿条。ABCTRACTSteeringsystemisanimportantsub-systemofautomobiles,steeringsystemandcanbedividedintomechanicalsteeringsystemandpowersteeringsystem.Mechanicalsteeringsystemwithmanyclassification,oneofwhichisduetorack-and-piniontype,simpleandcompactstructure,light-weight,goodrigidity,sensitiveturning,easymanufacturing,lowcost,etc,andthereforeitwidelyusedinminiature,lightvancurrently.Thisarticlemainlydesigntherack-and-pinionsteering.Basedonthetotalstructureparameters,steeringsystemofforcetransmissionratio,steeringsystemangletransmission.Adoptmechanicaldesignmethodofgeardesigntosetgearandrack,andthencheckgearcontactstrength.Inordertoimprovethestiffnessofsteeringgearandgearaxle,madeone-piece.Getthereasonableresultofrack-andpiniongear.Thendesignsteeringtransmissionmechanism,themaindesignofsteeringhorizontalbarsandladdermodelarm.Selectthesteeringdamperandsteeringmechanism,andapplycomputersoftwaretooptimizethesteeringtrapezoid,thuscompletingthedesignofthesteeringsystem.Todrawasteeringsystemwithsimplestructureandasmallnumberofparts.Keywords:Steering;Mechanicaltypesteeringgear;Gearrack.目录1绪论...........................................................................................................................................................11.1汽车发展历史...........................................................................................................................................11.2汽车转向系统............................................................................................................................................31.2.1汽车转向操纵机构............................................................................................................................41.2.2汽车转向传动机构............................................................................................................................61.2.3汽车转向器和转向器形式................................................................................................................71.2.4动力转向机构....................................................................................................................................81.3微型轿车转向系统的组成.......................................................................................................................91.3.1转向操纵机构....................................................................................................................................91.3.2转向传动机构....................................................................................................................................91.3.3转向器..............................................................................................................................................102主要参数的设计选择................................................................................................................................112.1汽车主要参数的选取..............................................................................................................................112.1.1对转向系的要求..............................................................................................................................112.1.2汽车主要尺寸的确定......................................................................................................................122.1.3轮胎的选择......................................................................................................................................162.2转向系的主要性能参数..........................................................................................................................182.2.1转向系的效率..................................................................................................................................182.2.2传动比变化特性..............................................................................................................................202.2.3转向器传动副的传动间隙△t........................................................................................................242.2.4转向盘的总转动圈数......................................................................................................................253转向器设计..............................................................................................................................................263.1转向器方案的分析..................................................................................................................................263.1.1机械转向器......................................................................................................................................263.1.2齿轮齿条式转向器结构分析..........................................................................................................263.1.3齿轮齿条式转向器布置.....................