2017高考英语二轮复习精品课件专题八 第2讲议论性质文体.ppt

短文写作第2讲议论性质文体总体而言，议论性质文体是湖北近几年来高考写作的主流形式之一。它针对现实生活的种种问题，运用逻辑思维，通过说理和列举事例，阐明人们或作者的观点、主张和见解。此文体的命题形式多样，话题广泛。如何写好此类书面表达，必须弄清两方面的问题：篇章结构及特定的语言表达方式。1.议论性质短文写作命题特点从形式上来看主要分两种：①“一分为二”的观点阐述型，即A说，B说；或A说，B说，C说模式。如2004年高考湖北卷书面表达“学习英语要不要从儿童时期开始”,根据提示有两种不同意见。再如2006年高考陕西卷写作题“讨论假期计划”,除阐明两种不同看法外还要求陈述自己的看法。②“我认为······”的自我观点阐述型。如2005年高考湖北卷书面表达“回国工作征求意见”，及2008年高考四川卷书面表达“WhatCanIDoforOurEnvironment?”等。2.议论性质书面表达通常都是“三段式或四段式”。①“一分为二”的观点阐述型(如2004年湖北卷)，常用的篇章结构为：段1陈述人们对“主题”的观点;段2陈述不同的观点（注意：可分成两段阐述，也可只写一段）;段3阐明自己的观点或进行总结。②“我认为······”的自我观点阐述型(如2005年湖北卷)，常用的篇章结构为：第一段提出论点，对个人观点进行概述；第二段具体分析自己的观点；第三段概括自己的观点。1.开头：开头句根据要求要写得漂亮一点，要用一些好的套用语。开头句既要好，要切中主题，又要精彩，忌省略更忌啰嗦。高考议论性质的书面表达有其特定的语言表达方式，如何开头，如何展开话题陈述及如何结尾均有其一定的规律。1.开头：常见开头用语：①Thereismuchdiscussionnowadaysastowhetherornot···Therearedifferentopinionsamongpeopleon/asto···Somepeoplesuggestthat···②Differentstudentshavedifferentideason···Theiropinionsfallintotwogroupsasfollows.③Recentlywehavehadaheateddiscussiononwhether···Opinionsaredividedonthequestion.④Recentlyasurveyhasbeendonetofindout…⑤Arecentstudyshowsthatnearly50percentofschoolkids···⑥People’sopinions/viewsabout···varyfrompersontoperson.2.话题展开及过渡：常用的过渡词：举例:forexample,forinstance,take···forexample,suchas,like，andsoon，soonandsoforth等。说明:that’stosay，inotherwords，namely等。因果:so，for，therefore，asaresult，asaconsequence,consequently,thus，because，becauseof，thanksto···，owingto···，dueto等。递进:then，besides，inaddition,furthermore，moreover,what’smore等。顺序:firstly,secondly,thirdly,finally;inthefirst/second/Third···place,last;tobeginwith,then,finally；tostartwith,next,inaddition,finally；firstandforemost,besides,lastbutnotleast;mostimportantofall,moreover,finally等。任何一篇文章都离不开篇章纽带的起承转合，尤其是高考英语书面表达。因此，话题展开的关键和作文的出彩在于过渡词(transitionalwords)运用得恰到好处。2.话题展开及过渡：常用的过渡词：转折:nevertheless,however,although,though,but，onthecontrary，afterall,oppositely等。总结:inshort,inaword,ingeneral,generallyspeaking,finally，atlast，asfarasIknow，inbrief，brieflyspeaking,intheend,asamatteroffact,inreality,infact,onthewhole,inconclusion,therefore等。强调:really,indeed，certainly，surely，forsure,aboveall等。对比:inthesameway，justas，incommonwith,comparedwith,ontheonehand···ontheotherhand,foronething···foranother，similarly等。平行:and，both···and···，aswellas，aswell，neither···nor···，either···or···，notonly···butalso···等。3.观点陈述：常用套用语:A.赞成:①Itiscommonly(generally/widely/universally)thought(believed/agreed/accepted/held)that···②Somepeopleholdtheview(belief/idea/opinion)that···③Ithinkitwise/suitable/necessary/better/fittodo···④70%ofthepeoplewhoweresurveyedareinfavorof···⑤Thosewhofavortheideathink···⑥Themajorityofpeoplebelievethat···先提出观点作为主题句,再用具体的材料来论证说明该主题。3.观点陈述：常用套用语:B.说明原因：①Themainreason(whythey···)isthat···/isbasedon···②···,because···/becauseof···,notonlyintermsof···butalsointermsof···③Thesepeoplepointoutthefactthat···④Thesepeoplesaythat···⑤Itseemsthatmanypeopleareundertheimpressionthat···3.观点陈述：常用套用语:C.反对：①More···(around···),however,insistthatmainconsiderationshouldbegivento···,fortheyarguethat···②However,thosewhoareagainsttheideathink/believethat···③Whileothersthink···④People,however,differintheiropinionsonthismatter.⑤Nevertheless/Onthecontrary,somepeopledisapproveofit.⑥Buttheothersdisagreewiththem.3.观点陈述：常用套用语:D.发表个人意见：①AsfarasIamconcerned,Iagreewiththelatter/formeropinion.②Ifullyagreewiththestatementthat···because···③Inmyopinion/view,thereasonsareasfollows.First···Second···Lastbutnottheleast···④Personally,Isharethesepeople’spointsofview.⑤Consequently,I’mconfidentthatabrightfutureisawaitingusbecause···⑥Personally,Idisagreewiththepointofviewforthefollowingreasons.4.结尾：结尾一般是全文对其主题的归纳，要运用联想、对比等方法进行“适当的发挥”，以求能总结全文，简洁扣题。好结尾能给阅卷老师留有一个很好、很完整的印象，能使全文增色。结尾可以是一段，也可以是一句或几句话。4.结尾：常用结束语：①Inshort,···havenotarrivedatanyagreementyet.②Aseveryoneknows,everycoinhastwosides.Itisdifficulttosaywhetheritisgoodornot,asitdependsverymuchonthesituationof···However,fromapersonalpointofview,Ifind···③Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,wemayreasonablyarriveattheconclusionthat···④Withthedevelopmentofsociety,it’surgentandnecessaryto···⑤Ifwecannottakeusefulmeasures,wecannotcontrolthistrend,andsomeundesirableresultsmaycomeupunexpectedly,sowhatweshoulddois···感谢观赏！