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ProgressofElectronicWasteTreatmentLIUYang,LIUJing-xin,GUOXue-yi(SchoolofMetallurgy&Environment,CentralSouthUniversity,Changsha410083,China)ABSTRACT:Anintroductionwasmadetoseveralkindsoftypicalelectronicwasteandtheircompositions.Theprogressoftreatingtechnologyfortheelectronicwastewassummarizedaswell,withadetaileddescriptionoftheseparationtechniqueofmechanicaltreatingtechnology,thedioxinremovingprocessofpyrometallurgicaltechnology,thesulfuricacidbubblingandalkalineleachingprocessesofhydrometallurgicaltechnology,theamphotericmetalefficientseparationtechniqueoflow-temperaturealkalinesmeltingtechnologyandthebioleachingandbiosorptiontechniquesofbiometallurgicaltechnology.Recyclingelectronicwasteinaproperwayisofgreatsignificanceforenvironmentalprotectionandresourcerecycling.KEYWORDS:electronicwaste;technologyprogress;recycling;cleanandefficient:,。,,,,,,。:;;;:X76:A:2095-5014(2014)02-0044-06(中南大学冶金与环境学院,湖南长沙410083):2014-03-01:(51074190);(51234009);(20110162110049)。:,,,,:。:(1966-),,,,。第42卷第2期2014年4月Vol.42No.2Apr2014METALMATERIALSANDMETALLURGYENGINEERING,。2013111,,11.2%。,,1997,CPU4~62。,。,2008201411%,4。12014年4月:45,、、、、(、)、(、、、)。,。,“”。,,、,。,。2“”,,,,,。,、。2.1,20。,15.7%。,。,,,6~8。、、,。2.2:、9.7%;、1.5%;、0.3%;1.4%;16.1%;62.4%;8.1%;0.5%。,,:、、,。,,,、。2.3。,201210。,2,。20107.38,($/t)aFe365Fe(%)702.110.04028550Cu7175.5Cu(%)201018.5109.2611028135Al1710.5Al(%)511.300.75110710Pb2123Pb(%)1.502.700.0030110.30Sn22930Sn(%)2.944.970.72131.4100.50Ni14235Ni(%)110.410.0100.320.10Au4.673×107Au(g/t)250648626311203035067Ag7.598×105Ag(g/t)100056944867280913806Pd2.721×107Pd(g/t)11015309513.77108210221典型电子废弃物的化学组成和价值分布(%g/t)(%)a(2014214)2、130g,95.9t/a。、,,。,4。,、,。1、。3,。、、、。3.1,、、、、、,、、,、、、,、。1。KuiHuang[1]-(CES)。、,。,0.6~1.2mm。H.M.Veit[2],50%,24%,8%。XianlaiZeng[3],,,。,。,。,。3.2,、、、、。,、,,。,。,。,,,。,。,。,,,。,(PCDD)(PCDF)。Sakai[4],SHBrBr2。Bientinesi[5],Br2。MingjiangNi[6],,1200℃,1.3,99.9%HBrBr2。46Vol.42Apr1机械处理技术处理电子废弃物流程图,。2。、、。。,,。,,。,、、,。、、,。、,,。,25,25,5,99.95%,。3.3,。,、,、。,、、、。::Cu+0.5O2+H2SO4→CuSO4+H2O(1):4Au+8CN-→4Au(CN)-2+4e(2)O2+2H2O+4e→4OH-(3):2HNO3+6HCl→2NO+4H2O+3Cl2(4)2Au+11HCl+3HNO3→2HAuCl4+3NOCl+6H2O(5):Au+2CS(NH2)2→Au(CS(NH2)+2+e(6)Quinet[7]。27.37%,0.52%,0.06%,0.04%。:+1.168mm,-1.168+0.6mm,-0.6+0.3mm-0.3mm。,,,,,,,。3。,93%,95%,99%,。,,:96.3%、2优美科公司火法处理电子废弃物流程图2014年4月:473湿法冶金酸法回收电子废弃物流程图98.48%、97.22%、84.21%、99.82%,,。,。,、,。KazuyaKoyama,,,,93%。Jian-guangYang,35℃96.7%,LIX84,NaH2PO2,。M.G.Aylmore,98%93%,:Au+5S2O2-3+Cu(NH3)2+4→Au(S2O3)3-2+4NH3+Cu(S2O3)5-3(7)3.4,1948,,(900℃),[8],,。、、,:PbS,PbO、PbO2、PbSO4,600~700℃[9]。、、,[10],:Me+NaOH+NaNO3=NaMeO4+N2+H2O(8)500℃,、、、,,。,。,,。,,、、、,。3.5,。,,,。,。。Taoyang,,,100%,:4Fe2++O2+4H+→4Fe3++2H2O(9)Cu0+2Fe3+→2Fe2++Cu2++ΔGθ(10)SadiaIlyas,81%,89%,79%83%,,。Y.Hong,,,:S0+1.5O2+H2O→2H++SO2-4(11),60%,98%,。,。,、,。。、、,48Vol.42Apr。。,KuyucakVoleskyAuCl-4,Au(III),:AuCl-4+3R-OH→Au++3R=O+3H++4Cl-(12)Aitimbetov:[Au(CN)2]-+aH2O+bO2+→Au++cNH+4+dCO2+(13),,。,Fujiwaral-,Pt(IV)129.26mg/gPt(II)109.47mg/g。,,,,。4,,,。,,,。1),,。2),。3),,,。4),,。5),。,,。2009《》,,、,,,。:[1]KuiHuang,JieGuo,ZhenmingXu.Recyclingofwasteprintedcircuitboards:AreviewofcurrenttechnologiesandtreatmentstatusinChina[J].Jour-nalofHazardousMaterials,2009(164):399-408.[2]H.M.Veit,T.R.Diehl,A.P.Salami,etal.Utiliza-tionofmagneticandelectrostaticseparationintherecyclingofprintedcircuitboardscrap[J].WasteManagement,2005,(25):67-74.[3]XianlaiZeng,LixiaZheng,HenghuaXie,BinLu,KaiXia,KuomingChao,WeidongLi,JianxinYang,SzuyinLin,JinhuiLi.Currentstatusandfutureperspectiveofwasteprintedcircuitboardsre-cycling[J].ProcediaEnvironmentalSciences.2012,(16):590-597.[4]Sakai,S.I.,Watanabe,J.Honda,Y.,Takatsuki,H.,Aoki,I.,Futamatsu,M.,Shiozaki,K.Combustionofbrominatedflameretardantsandbehaviorofitsbyproducts[J].Chemosphere,2001,(42):519-531.[5]Bientinesi,M.,Petarca,L.Comparativeenvironmentalanalysisofwastebrominatedplasticthermaltreatments[J].WasteManagement,2009(29):1095-1102.[6]MingjiangNi,HanxiXiao,YongChi,JianhuaYan,AlfonsBuekens,YuqiJin,ShengyongLu.Combustionandinorganicbromineemissionofwasteprintedcircuitboardsinahightemperaturefurnace[J].WasteManagement,2012(32):568-574.[7]P.Quinet,J.Proost,A.VanLierde.Recoveryofpreciousmetalsfromelectronicscrapbyhydromet-allurgicalprocessingroutes[J].Miner.Metall.Process,2005,22(1):17-22.[8],,,.-[J].,2010,(4):49-53.[9],,,.[J].,2013,4,4(2):8-13.[10],,.[J].,2013,23(6):1757-1763.2014年4月:49
本文标题:电子废弃物处理技术研究进展
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