英语翻译资料及笔记

11999年（下）翻译试卷一、汉译英（50％）妈妈退休了，闲在家中。她身体不好，不便多做家务，时常是早晨上公园散步，回来躺一会儿；中午吃完午饭，再上楼躺一会儿；晚上看完最后一个电视节目，又是睡觉。久而久之，我们开始觉得她精神反倒不如以前了。她太闲了，力气活不能多做，又没有读过什么书，我们想不出有什么办法可以消除她的寂寞。白天，爸爸和我们兄妹都要上班；晚上妹妹要去夜校，我也要在自己房里看书，好象只有吃晚饭的时候，我们才有机会和她在一起聊聊。尽管能和她说的事实在不多，但在这样的时候，她会显得特别高兴，特别有精神。二、英译汉（50％）Somescientistsconsiderthatsleepisaninstinct,abasicneedforthebodyandmindtorelaxandtoescapefromtheresponsesneededwhileawake.Webecometiredinbodyandmindifwedonotsleep,andscientistshaveprovedthatwhenwedosleeptheelectricalactivityofthebrainslowsdown,althoughitmaybestimulatedwhenwedream.Onechemicaltheoryisthatasubstanceneededtomaintainthewakingstatebecomesexhaustedandmaybereplenishedinsleep.Acontrarysuggestionisthatsomepoisonoussubstancesbuiltupinwakefulnessmaybedestroyedwhenwegotosleep.Othertheoriesconnecttheneedforincreasedwakefulnesswiththedevelopmentofthemoresophisticatedareasofthebrain.Thiscouldexplainwhynewbornbabieswhosepowersofreasoninghavenotyetdeveloped,spendmostoftheirlivesasleep.Ithasbeendemonstratedthataparticularpartofthebrain,thereticularformation,ifsevered,causecontinuoussleep.Althoughwearenotsurewhywesleep,thereisnodoubtthatweneedtodosoandsodomostotheranimals.Thepatternofsleepandwakefulnessiscloselyconnectedwithourhabitsandsenses.Animalswhichdependuponsightforfood,shelteranddefence,likeman,arediurnal.Thatmeanstheyareforthemostpartactiveduringthedayandasleepatnight.Theamountofsleepneededbyapersontoremaininfullhealthvariesconsiderablywithage,withdifferentindividuals,andeven,perhaps,withrace.Pre-schoolchildrengenerallyneedtentotwelvehourssleep,schoolchildrenninetoelevenhoursandadultsseventoninehours.Adultsseemtoneedprogressivelylesssleepastheygrowolder,andexceptionalcaseareknownofelderlypeoplewhohaveremainedhealthyontwotothreehoursanight.IthasbeensaidthattheJapanese,bothchildrenandadults,sleeplessthanEuropeans,butthatmaybeduetohabitratherthantorace.英语翻译试题课程代码：00087将答案写在答题纸相应位置上，否则不计分。PartOneⅠ.MultipleChoiceQuestions(30points,2pointsforeach)A.Directions:Thispartconsistsoftensentences,eachfollowedbyfourdifferentversionsmarked[A],[B],[C],and[D].Choosetheonethatistheclosestequivalentoftheoriginalintermsofmeaningandexpressiveness.1.Sheblurredtheinkontheletterwithhertears.[A]他的眼泪把信上的墨水弄得模糊不清。[B]他的眼泪把信上的字迹弄得模糊不清。[C]他的眼泪把信上的字句弄得模糊不清。[D]他的眼泪把信上的话语弄得模糊不清2.It’sbetterhavingshortlineswithmorebanktellers.[A]如果银行出纳员多一些，不用排长队就好了。[B]最好是排的队短一些，银行出纳员多一些。[C]要是排的队短，银行出纳员最好多一些。[D]银行出纳员多一些，队就排得更短了。3．Scarcelylessimportantthanmachineryintheagriculturalrevolutionwasscience.[A]在农业革命中，科学没有机械重要。[B]在农业革命中，机械没有科学重要。[C]在农业革命中，科学和机械几乎同等重要。[D]在农业革命中，机械和科学都不怎么重要。4．Angerandbitternesshadpreyeduponmecontinuallyforweeksandadeeplanguorhadsucceededthispassionatestruggle.[A]几个星期来，气恼和痛苦不断地袭击着我；这种感情上的折磨后,我感到浑身无力。[B]几个星期来，我处在气恼和痛苦之中；遭受这种感情的折磨后，我感到浑身无力。[C]几个星期来，我又气又恨，感到非常苦恼；经历了这种感情的折磨后，我感到浑身无力。[D]几个星期来，我经受着气恼和怨恨的吞噬；这种感情过后，我感到浑身无力。5.Thenumbersdidn’treallyaddup,sotheaccountantwentbackoverthem.[A]数额没有累计起来，所以会计师又把它们拿回去了。[B]加起来的总数不对，所以会计师又拿回去了。[C]数额没有累计起来，所以会计师又重新计算了一遍。[D]加起来的总数不对，所以会计师又重新计算了一遍。6．基本路线要管一百年，动摇不得。[A]Thebasiclineshouldmanageforahundredyears,withnovacillation.[B]Weshouldadhereuponthebasiclineforahundredyears,withnovacillation.[C]Thebasiclineshouldgovernforahundredyears,withnovacillation.[D]Weshouldadheretothebasiclineforahundredyears,withnovacillation.7.对科学技术的重要性我们要有充分的认识。[A]Wemustrealizethefullimportanceofscienceandtechnology.[B]Wemustfullrealizetheimportanceofscienceandtechnology.[C]Wemustrealizethefullyimportanceofscienceandtechnology.[D]Wefullymustrealizetheimportanceofscienceandtechnology.8.老科学家、中年科学家很重要，青年科学家也很重要。[A]Theveteranandmiddle-agedscientistsareimportant,andsoaretheyoungones.[B]Theveteran,middle-agedscientistsareimportant,andsoaretheyoungones.[C]Theveteranandmiddle-agedscientistsareimportant,soaretheyoungones.[D]Theveteran,middle-agedscientistsareimportant,soaretheyoungones.9.不知什么原因，这条消息没有见报。[A]Fornoreason,thenewsdidfinditswayintothenewspaper.[B]Foronereasonoranother,thenewsdidnotfinditswayintothenewspaper.2[C]Forsomereasons,thenewsfoundnowayintothenewspaper.[D]Foracertainreason,thenewsdidnotfindanywayintothenewspaper.10.再过几年，普通家庭也能买得起电脑了。[A]Inafewyears,theaveragefamilieswillbewithinthereachofcomputers.[B]Inafewyears,buyingcomputerswillbewithinthereachoftheaveragefamilies.[C]Inafewyears,theaveragefamilieswillbewithinthereachofbuyingcomputers.[D]Inafewyears,thecomputerswillbewithinthereachoftheaveragefamilies.B.Directions:Thispartconsistsoffiveunfinishedstatements,eachfollowedbyfourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Selecttheonethatbestcompleteseachstatement.11．“重神似不重形似”，这是的主张。[A]严复[B]林纾[C]傅雷[D]周煦良12．郭沫若说：“我们对翻译工作决不能采取轻率的态度。翻译者必须具有高度的。”[A]外语水平[B]责任感[C]政治敏感性[D]汉语功底13．茅盾先生说过：翻译文学作品，很重要的一点是。[A]能将它的风格翻译出来[B]能将它的一部分风格翻译出来[C]译者要有自己的风格[D]风格是无法翻译的14．Eugene.A.Nidasays,“Eachlanguagehasitsowngenius.”他的意思是。[A]每一种语言有其自己的天才[B]各种语言都有其特有的创造力[C]一种语言有一种语言的特点[D]凡是语言都具有语言的特征15．就汉译英而论，。[A]断句的情况较多，并句的情况较少[B]断句的情况较多，并句的情况也较多[C]断句的情况较少，并句的情况较多[D]断句的情况较少，并句的情况也较少PartTwoⅡ.PhraseTranslation(20points,1pointforeach)A.Directions:putthefollowingphrasesintoChinese.16.naturalenemiesofinsects17.consu