全钢大模板施工风险分析与安全管理

摘要摘要全钢大模板是现浇剪力墙混凝土结构主要施工工艺，广泛应用于房建工程中，尤其是在北京市的高层、超高层剪力墙结构工程，绝大部分使用了全钢大模板。全钢大模板具有混凝土结构成型质量好、施工速度快、有利于绿色施工和环境保护、综合经济效果好等优势，是适合我国国情的绿色施工工艺。但是全钢大模板施工过程中引发的生产安全事故一直多发，其安全问题一直没有得到有效的根治。本文对全钢大模板使用过程中容易出现的人的不安全行为、物的不安全状态、管理上的实物及环境影响因素进行分析，总结归纳全钢大模板使用过程中的危险源。应用作业危险性（LEC）评价法对全钢大模板使用中的危险源进行评价，查找出容易导致事故的重大风险。针对重大风险明确了全钢大模板设计、安装、存放、吊运、拆除等各个流程中的安全技术措施和管理标准要求。从安全技术措施、施工工序安排、作业人员管理等方面入手，对全钢大模板支腿安装、临时固定措施、施工工艺流程管控、操作人员要求等安全管理重点环节明确了要求，从而降低全钢大模板施工安全风险。总结形成全钢大模板施工安全的管理重点和要点，为制定行业、企业的全钢大模板安全管理规范、操作规程及安全制度标准奠定基础，为相关技术人员、管理人员、作业人员掌握有关安全知识提供资料。同时，从全钢大模板企业经营方式、行业管理等方面进行深入探讨和分析，发掘全钢大模板存在安全问题的深层原因，并对全钢大模板实物安全管理和行业健康发展提出了改进意见和建议。关键词：全钢大模板；施工；风险分析；安全管理AbstractIIAbstractThelargeall-steelformworkisthemainconstructiontechnologyofcast-in-placeshearwallconcretestructure,widelyusedinhousingconstruction,especiallyinBeijingcityhigh-rise,high-riseshearwallstructure,thevastmajorityoftheuseofthewholesteellargeformwork.Thelargeall-steelformworkhastheadvantagesofgoodquality,goodconstructionspeed,goodforgreenconstructionandenvironmentalprotection,comprehensiveeconomiceffect,etc.,whichissuitableforChina'snationalconditionsofgreenconstructiontechnology.However,theproductionsafetyaccidentscausedbytheconstructionofthewholesteellargeformworkhasbeenmoreandmore,andthesafetyproblemhasnotbeeneffectivelycured.Inthispaper,theunsafebehavior,unsafestate,managementofphysicalandenvironmentalimpactfactorsintheprocessoftheuseofthewholesteellargeformworkareanalyzed.Applicationofoperationalrisk(LEC)evaluationmethodfortheuseofallsteellargeformworkintheuseofriskassessment,tofindoutthemajorriskofaccidents.Inviewofthemajorriskofthewholesteellargeformworkdesign,installation,storage,lifting,removalandothersafetytechnicalmeasuresandmanagementstandards.Fromthesafetytechnicalmeasures,theconstructionprocedurearrangement,homeworkpersonnelmanagementaspects,installationofallsteellargeformworklegs,temporaryfixingmeasures,constructionprocesscontrol,operationpersonnelrequirementssuchaskeyaspectsofsafetymanagementclearrequirements,therebyreducingallsteellargeformworkconstructionsafetyrisk.Tosumupthemainpointsandkeypointsoftheconstructionsafetymanagementofthewholesteellargeformwork,laythefoundationforthedevelopmentoftheindustry,thesafetymanagementofthewholesteeltemplate,operatingrulesandsafetysystemstandards,fortherelevanttechnicalpersonnel,managementpersonnel,operatingpersonneltomastertherelevantsafetyinformation.Atthesametime,fromtheaspectsofthemanagementofthewholesteellargeformworkenterprise,industrymanagement,andanalysis,explorethedeepreasonsfortheexistenceofthewholesteelformwork,andputforwardsuggestionsandsuggestionstoimprovethephysicalsafetymanagementandindustryhealthydevelopmentofthewholesteel.Keywords:Thelargeall-steelformwork,Construction,Riskanalysis,Safetymanagement目录III目录摘要........................................................................................................IABSTRACT..................................................................................................II第1章绪论.............................................................................................51.1研究背景.............................................................................................................51.2研究的意义和目的..............................................................................................61.3研究的内容.........................................................................................................61.4研究现状.............................................................................................................71.5研究的方法.........................................................................................................7第2章全钢大模板及其生产安全事故情况............................................82.1全钢大模板概念....................................................................................................82.2全钢大模板的特点..............................................................................................82.3全钢大模板的使用限制条件..............................................................................92.3全钢大模板生产安全事故案例..........................................................................102.4全钢大模板生产安全事故造成的损失...............................................................13第3章全钢大模板危险源识别与分析..................................................153.1全钢大模板设计方案容易出现的问题隐患：...................................................153.2全钢大模板存放主要安全风险：.......................................................................153.3全钢大模板的吊运作业的主要安全风险...........................................................163.4全钢大模板安装过程的主要安全风险..............................................................173.5全钢大模板的拆除作业主要安全风险...............................................................173.6墙体混凝土浇筑作业主要安全风险...................................................................183.7全钢大模板的其他安全风险..............................................................................18第4章全钢大模板使用过程安全(风险)评价.......................................194.1安全评价概念................................................................................