高中英语语法虚拟语气精讲精练

虚拟语气在英语的某种句型中，说话人为了表达某种愿望、假设或和事实相反的内容，该句型的谓语动词要用某种特殊的固定形式来表达一种虚拟的动作行为，该句型称为虚拟语气。一、if引导的条件虚拟语气1.说话内容与现在事实相反S+should(通常情况下用于第一人称)/would/might/could+v原形+if+s+were/dideg:1.IfI___(be)you,Ishouldn’tdothat.2.Ifhe___(have)time,hewouldgivehelpyou.3.Ifyou____(ask)him,he____(give)yousomeadvice.2.说话内容与过去事实相反S+should/would/might/could+havedone+if+S+haddoneeg:1.Ifyou___(come)earlier,youwouldhavemetTom.2.Ifhehadmetyouyesterday,he___(ask)youaboutit.3.IfI___(know)histelephonenumber,I___(call)him.3.说话内容与将来事实相反S+should/would/might/could+V原形+if+S+did/shoulddo/weretodoeg:Ifitrained/shouldrain/weretorain,thecropswould/might/couldbesaved.4.省略倒装如果条件句中有were/should/had时，可将if省略，把were/should/had移至主语之前。eg:1.HadIknownhistelephonenumber,Ishouldhavecalledhim.2.Shoulditrain,thecropswouldbesaved.3.Wereittorain,thecropswouldbesaved.5.除if引导的条件句外，也可用unless,without,butfor,benotfor(若不是，要没有，必须用it作主语，if来引导），or（否则），otherwise(否则,后引导主句),suppose.eg:1.Weshouldn’t/c../w…/m..havefinishedthework,butforyourhelp.=….+ifithadn’tbeenforyourhelp.2.Without/Ifitweren’tforelectricity,lifewouldbedifficult.3.Somethingwaswrongwiththebus,or/otherwisewecouldhavegothereearlier.4.Supposetheteachersawusnow,whatwouldhesay.6.混合虚拟条件句又称错综时间条件句，主从句时间不一致，依据时间来调整虚拟时态。eg:1.Ifyou___(ask)himyesterday,you___(know)whattodonow.2.I___(buy)thebookyesterday,butI___(nothave)enoughmoney.7.ifonly要是…就好了~+S+did与现在事实相反~+S+haddone与过去事实相反~+S+would/coulddo与将来事实相反eg:1.IfonlyIwereascleverasyou.2.Ifonlywehadbeeninvitedtotheparty.二、其他虚拟语气(一)wish/wished+that+S+Ved与现在事实相反wish/wished+that+S+haddone与过去事实相反wish/wished+that+S+could/would+do与将来事实相反eg:1.IwishIcouldflylikeabirdinthefuture.2.IwishIwereasyoungasyou.3.Ididn’tpasstheexambutIwishedIhadpassedit.(二)wouldrather/prefer+that+S+Ved与现在或将来事实相反wouldrather/prefer+that+S+haddone与过去事实相反eg:1.Iwouldratherthatyoutoldmethetruth.2.Iwouldratherthatyouhadseenthefilmyesterday.（三）从句的谓语动词用should+V的虚拟语气1.用于坚持、命令、建议、要求的动词或名词所引导的名词性从句中（1）用于宾语从句中insist/order/command/suggest/advise/propose（建议）/recommend/ask/demand/require/request…+that+S+(should)doinsist+that+S+(should)+do坚决要求insiston/upondoing坚持做某事Insist+that+S+各种时态坚持说、坚持认为suggestdoing建议做某事thatS.（should）do建议thatS.+各种时态暗示eg:1.Weinsistedthatthey____（go）withus.2.Mikeinsistedthathe____(notsteal)anything.3.Thechairmansuggested____(that/which/what/whether)themeeting____(hold)atonce.4.Herfacesuggestedthatshe___(be)ill.(2)用于同位语或表语从句中①advice/suggestion/proposal/order/demand/request/idea/plan…+that+S+(should)+do②It’sadvisedthat+S+(should)+doeg:1.It’ssuggestedthatweshouldtakefourdaysoff.2.It’s(high)timeforSbtodosthIt’s(high)time+that+S+shoulddoIt’s(high)time+that+S+Ved该是（某人）干……的时候了eg:该是孩子们上床的时间了。It’stimeforthekidstobeinbed.=It’stimethatkidswereinbed.=It’stimethatthekidsshouldbeinbed.3.incase(假使，万一)/forfearthat(由于害怕；惟恐，以免)/lest（以免；免得）+S+(should)doeg:1.Keepquietincaseyou（should）interrupthim.2.Sheisnowstudyingforfearthatshe（should）failinEnglish.4.Itis/was+adj.(important、necessary、strange)+that+S+(should)doItis/was+n.(apity、ashame、nowonder)+that+S+(should)do表示说话人对某种事实表示惊奇、惋惜或不相信eg:It’snowonderthatweshouldlearnEnglishwell.5.inorderthat/sothat+S+肯定句may/might/can/could+do否定句shoudn’tdoeg:Turnonthelightsothatwecanseeitclearly.6.Doyoumindif….变为would引导的疑问句则用虚拟，构成Wouldyoumindif+S+Vedeg:DoyoumindifIspeakfreelyintheclass？=WouldyoumindifIspokefreelyintheclass?7.asif/though+S+Ved与现在事实相反asif/though+S+haddone与过去事实相反eg:1.Shetreatsthechildasifhe___(be)herownchild.2.Themilksmellsasifit___(be)sour.3.Hespokeasif___(know)thetruth.4.Itlooksasifit___(be)goingtorain.