高中英语语法虚拟语气课件

非高考考点1.英语动词有三种语气，陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。(课本P86)2.定义：用来表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望，建议，假设的语气叫虚拟语气。一、虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法条件从句If从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式现在过去未来did/werehaddonewould/could/should/might+V.(原)would/could/should/might+have+p.p.1.did/were2.shoulddo3.weretodowould/could/should/might+V.(原)1.IfIhadmoney,Iwouldbuildaschoolforthesepoorchildren.2.IfIwereyou,Iwouldforgivehim.3.IfIhadtakenyouradvice,Iwouldn’thavemadethismistake.4.Ifhehadbeenthere,itwouldn’thavehappened.与现在事实相反与过去事实相反5.Ifitshouldraintomorrow,theywouldn’tgoshopping.6.Ithinkwecouldfinishthework,ifweplaneditproperly.7.Ifweweretohavethreedaysoff,wewouldenjoyaveryhappylife.与未来事实相反假设条件虚拟倒装。条件从句中可以把if省略，并将这三个词提至句首进行倒装。IfIwereyou,Iwouldgiveitup.WereIyou,Iwouldgiveitup.Ifitwerenotforyouradvice,wecouldn’thavegotoverthedifficulties.Wereitnotforyouradvice,wecouldn’thavegotoverthedifficulties.虚拟语气假设条件句型注意点：IfIhadhadtime,Iwouldhaverunroundthatlakeagain.HadIhadtime,Iwouldhaverunroundthatlakeagain.Ifthereshouldbeaflood,whatshouldwedo?Shouldtherebeaflood,whatshouldwedo?二、虚拟语气特殊句型：1.wish+宾语从句现在：过去：未来：过去时(did/were)过去完成时(haddone)would/could/might+V.should•IwishIwereabird.(现在)•IwishIhadn’tmadesuchamistake.(过去)•Wewishourparentswouldn’tpunishus.(未来)2.wouldratherthat--现在：过去：未来：•Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.(现在)•Iwouldratheryouhadgone,too.(过去)•Don’tcome.Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.(未来)过去时过去时过去完成时3.asif/though+从句现在：过去：过去时过去完成时•Helooksasifheweredrunk.•Theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.•Shelovesthebabyasifitwereherownson.•Itseemsasifitwerespring.•Irememberthewholethingasifithadhappenedyesterday.4.It’s(about/high)time+that--should+V.过去时你该走了。我们该睡觉了。It’shightimethatyouwent.It’shightimethatyouweregoing.It’shightimethatyoushouldgo.It’stimethatwewenttobed.It’stimethatweshouldgotobed.5.表示要求，命令，建议的虚拟语气。1.宾语从句。常见动词：一个坚持：insist(坚持主张、认为,坚持说)两个命令：order,command三个建议：advise,suggest（建议；暗示，表明）,propose四个要求：demand,require,request,desire这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词使用should+动词原形，或者将should省略。•我们建议Tom去休息一下。•他坚持决要求我到场。•国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。•他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。WesuggestedthatTom(should)havearest.HeinsistedthatI(should)bepresent.Thekingorderedthattheprisoners(should)bekilledthenextday.Theyrequestedthatwe(should)sendthemtoworkthere.以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句（包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语）也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一样。order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request,desire•It’ssuggestedthattheplanbecarriedout.•Mydemandisthatsheshouldcometoseemeonceaweek.•Allofusarefortheadvicethatthechemicalfactoryshouldbecloseddown.6.without和butfor，otherwise构成含蓄虚拟。(butfor要不是)•Withoutsunlight,people’slifewouldbedifferentfromtoday.•Butforyourhelp,Iwouldn’thavefinishedthework.•Withoutyourhelp,Iwouldhavefailed.•Butforwater,itwouldbeimpossibletoliveinthedesert.•We'llgoearlier,otherwisewemightnotgetaseat.7.Ifonly…(要是…就好了)IfonlyIknewhisname!Ifonlywehadfollowedyouradvice!IfonlyIcouldseehimagain!•要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。•要是我没错过火车就好了！Ifonlyourparentscouldlivewithus!IfonlyIhadn’tmissedthetrain!现在:过去式过去:had+过去分词8.It’snecessary/strange/natural/important+that---从句中的动词要用虚拟，即(should)+动词原形•Itisimportantthatwe(should)masteraforeignlanguage.•Itisstrangethatsherefusetocometotheparty.•It’snecessarythatweshouldstudyhard.8.It’snecessary/strange/natural/important+that---从句中的动词要用虚拟，即(should)+动词原形•Itisimportantthatwe(should)masteraforeignlanguage.•Itisstrangethatsherefusetocometotheparty.•It’snecessarythatweshouldstudyhard.9.Wouldyoumindif...?if从句中使用过去式，表示请求许可eg.WouldyoumindifIopenedthewindow?WouldyoumindifIsmokedintheofficenextdoor?10.表示祝愿的句子中的虚拟语气(1)用原形Godblessyou.(2)may+动词原形Mayyouhavealongandhappylife!11情态动词+havedone•couldhavedone本来可以---•mighthavedone本来可能---•should/oughttohavedone本来应该做---•shouldn’t/oughtnottohavedone本不该做--•needn’thavedone本不必做---比较：didn’tneedtodo没必要做也没有做---•wouldhavedone本来会去做----(1.应该)1.你本不应该告诉她真相。You________________________________herthetruth.2.我没必要擦窗户。我兄弟做了。I________________cleanthewindows.Mybrotherdidit.3.我没有足够的钱．否则我会买那本书的．Ididn’thaveenoughmoney,otherwiseI______________________thatbook.shouldn’thavetold/oughtnottohavetolddidn’tneedtowouldhaveboughtWhenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit____.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbrokenHetalkedasifhe_____foryears.A.islivingthereB.waslivingthereC.haslivedthereD.hadlivedthereIftherewerenosubjunctivemood,English____mucheasier.A.willbeB.wouldbeC.couldhavebeenD.wouldhavebeenHadyoulistenedtothedoctor,you____allrightnow.A.areB.wereC.wouldbeD.wouldhavebeen____today,hewouldgettherebyFriday.A.WouldheleaveB.WasheleavingC.WerehetoleaveD.Ifheleave_______Ibefreetomorrow,Icouldgowithyou.A.CouldB.ShouldC.MightD.MustShoulditrain,thecrops______.A.wouldbesavedB.wouldhavebeensavedC.willbesavedD.hadbeensaved---HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?---No,butIwishI____.A.haveB.willC.doD.hadIwishI_______therethen.A.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.wouldbe—Shewassoupsetthatsheburstintotears.—I'dratheryou_____herallaboutit.A.didn'ttellB.hadn'ttoldC.don'ttellD.won'ttell1.我希望自己是一只鸟儿.(wish)IwishIwereabird.2.如果我有钱，我会为这些贫困的孩子们建一所学校。IfIhadmoney,Iwouldbuildaschoolforthesepoorchildren.3.我宁愿你现在呆在家里。(wouldrather)Iwouldratheryoustayedhomenow.4.如果你听了医生的话，你现在就全好了。Ifyouhadlistenedtothedoctor,