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当前位置:首页 > 中学教育 > 初中教育 > 初中英语语法-—名词的数
-1-初中英语语法列表—名词的数可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。这和汉语不同,比如,在汉语中,我们说一个苹果,那就是一个苹果,没什么特殊变化。你要说三个苹果,只需把“一”换成“三”就可以了。而在英语中,一个苹果是oneapple,三个苹果是threeapples,不仅数量词变化了,名词也有相应的变化。下面我们就将名词变复数的规则分为规则变化和不规则变化。第一部分:规则变化情况构成法读音例词一般情况(包括以e结尾的名词)加-s-s在清辅音[p][t][k][f]后读[s]在浊辅音和元音后读[z]在辅音[s][z][d?]后读[iz]口诀:清清浊浊元浊Cups,cats,cakes,roofs,flags,keys,faces以s,x,ch,sh结尾加-es在[s][z][?][t?]后读[iz]Classes,boxes,watches,brushes以辅音+y结尾变y为i,加es读[z]Cities,countries,studies以元音+y结尾加-s读[z]Boys,rays,days有人还把以下两个加入了名词有规则变复数的行列:情况构成法读音例词以o结尾加-es读[z]Heroes,tomatoes,potatoes,Negroes加-s读[z]Bamboos,radios,zoos,photos,pianos以f,fe结尾变f,fe为v,再加-es读[vz]Leaf-leavesLife-livesWife-wivesThief-thieves-2-Half-halvesKnife-knivesWolf-wolvesSelf-selvesLoaf-loaves加-s读[s]Roofs,proofs,chiefs,beliefs,gulfs第二部分:不规则变化我们经常会看到有些名词变复数时并没有遵循上述规则。这就是名词的不规则变化。还有一些名词,单复数是同一个形式的。不过,我们还是可以通过一些比较,发现其中的一些奥妙。以下我将为大家讲讲名词的不规则变化。一、有些名词中保存了英语中古旧的复数形式,如:man-menwoman-womentooth-teethfoot-feetchild-childrengoose-geesemouse-miceox-oxen二、有些是外来词,仍保有原来的复数形式,如:Phenomenon-phenomena(现象)Formula-formulae(公式)Thesis-theses(论文)Basis-bases(基础)Analysis-analyses(分析)Criterion-criteria(标准)Crisis-crises(危机)Appendix-appendices(附录)三、部分单词的复数形式不变。例:fish→fish;sheep→sheep;cattle→cattle;deer→deer;salmon→salmon,means→means四、compoundnouns,这类复数词是以主要的名词来表示例:daughter-in-law→daughters-in-law媳妇;father-in-law→fathers-in-law岳父man-of-war→men-of-war兵舰;maid-servant→maid-servantsstep-son→step-sons晚子;son-in-law→sons-in-law.-3-但是,也有些合成名词,特别是由man和woman构成的合成名词,里面所含的成分,全都要变为复数,如:Man-servant-men-servants,womandoctor-womendoctors等五、有些名词经常是带着-s词尾的,但通常都作单数看待,如:Phonetics(语音学),physics(物理学),optics(光学),politics(政治),news(新闻)等。六、另一些名词则以复数词出现的机会较多例:bellows风箱;clothes;police;shorts短裤;scissors剪刀;spectacles眼镜;shears大剪刀,trousers长裤,wages工资,belongings所有物,surroundings环境,savings储蓄,findings调查结果,arms武器,clothes衣服,stairs楼梯,等七、另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,例:goods货物,waters水域,fishes(各种)鱼,papers文件,证件,greens青菜,manners礼貌,ruins废墟,troops军队,looks外貌,times时代,等第三部分:不可数名词的计量方法(1)一般用“数字+of+计量单位+名词”表示,(注意:当数字大于一时,表示计量单位的名词可以有复数形式)。如:apieceofnews一则新闻apieceofmeat一块肉aglassofwine一杯酒twobowlsofrice两碗米asumofmoney一笔钱fivebagsofflour一袋面粉adropofwater一滴水threebottlesofmilk三瓶牛奶twopiecesofadvice两条建议(2)用much/some/alittle/little/alotof/plentyof+不可数名词练习题:1、Allthepeopleattheconferenceare______.a.mathematicteachersc.mathematicsteacherb.mathematicsteachersd.mathematic’steachers(C)2、Allthe______inthehospitalgotariselastmonth.a.womendoctorsc.womandoctorsb.womendoctord.womandoctor(a)3、---Arethereany________onthefarm?---Yes,therearesome.A.horseB.duckC.chickenD.sheep(D)4、---Theyarethirsty.Willyoupleasegivethem______?---Certainly.A.somebottlesofwatersB.somebottlesofwater-4-C.somebottleofwaterD.somebottleofwaters(B)5、Mikehurtoneofhis______intheaccidentyesterday.A.toothB.feetC.handD.ear(B)6、Thereissome_______ontheplate.A.cakesB.meatC.potatoD.pears(B)7、Thelittlebabyhastwo_______already.A.toothB.toothsC.teethD.teeths(C)8、Weneedsomemore____.Canyougoandgetsome,please?A.potatoB.potatosC.potatoesD.potatoe(C)9、Pleaseremembertogivethehorsesometree___.A.leafsB.leavesC.leafD.leave(B)10、Hegaveus____onhowtokeepfit.A.someadvicesB.someadviceC.anadviceD.aadvice(B)11、Pleasepassme_____.A.twoglassofwaterB.twoglassesofwatersC.twoglassesofwaterD.twoglasswater(C)12、Therearealotof_______downtherebuthardlyany_______.A.sheeps,peopleB.sheep,peopleC.sheeps,peoplesD.sheep,peoples(B)13、Thistableismadeof__________.A.manyglassB.glassesC.someglassesD.glass(D)14、______cangetabetterviewofthegamethantheparticipants.A.Looker-onB.Lookers-onC.Looker-onsD.Lookers-ons(B)15、Some______areflyingkitesneartheriver.A.childB.boyC.boysD.childs(C)16、Mr.Smithalwayshas________totellus.A.somegoodpiecesofnewsB.somepiecesofgoodnewsC.somegoodpieceofnewsD.somepieceofgoodnews(B)17、Twelve_______werehurt,butno_________werelostinthataccident.A.person;lifeB.people;livesC.peoples;livesD.persons;life(B)18、Intheviewoftheforeignexperts,therewasn’t____oilhere.A.muchB.lotsofC.agreatdealofD.many(A)19、Thepoliceinvestigatedthose_____abouttheaccident.-5-A.stander-byC.standers-byB.stander-bysD.standers-bys(B)20、Generallythereare______televisionprogramsforchildrenonSaturday.A.littleB.muchC.alargenumberofD.alargeamountof(C)
本文标题:初中英语语法-—名词的数
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