建筑学毕业外文翻译

（2016届）毕业设计文献翻译题目：姓名：学院：专业：建筑学班级：学号：指导教师：导师学科：导师职称：教务处制年月日1嘉兴学院外文文献翻译译文1外文题目：AnalysisofandStudyontheDifficultiesintheFireProtectionDesignofLargeCommercialComplex专业班级：学生姓名：学号：一、外文原文AbstractFirepropertiesofthelargecommercialcomplexhasbeensummarized.Basedonthefactthattherearecontradictionsbetweenwhatisrequiredforthelargecommercialcomplexinthefirecodeandtherealapplicationinpractice,difficultiesinfireprotectionofdesigninglargecommercialcomplexhavebeenanalyzed.Keywords:largecommercialcomplex;fireprotectiondesign;difficulty;researchstatus1.IntroductionInrecentyears,moreandmorelargecommercialcomplexeshaveappearedinChina.Thesecomplexesintegratedifferentbusinessesintoonlargebuilding,wherecustomerscandoshopping,eatorenjoythemselves.Accordingtothestatistics,nearly200largecomplexesinChinanowhaveindoorwalkingstreet,withdifferentkindsofshopsstandingalongbothsides.Andwhat’smore,theindoorwalkingstreetsharesthelargespacewiththeatrium.Generallyspeaking,thelargecommercialcomplexismulti-functionalwithhighfireloadandlargeassemblyofpeople.Themechanismoftheoccurrenceoffireisdifferentfromthatoftheordinarybuildingsandthefirelossisalsoheavier.Asaresult,thiskindofcommercialcomplexneedshigherfiresafety.However,thecurrentnationalfirecodeonlygivestheminimumrequirements.Nospecificfiresafetyobjectivesareprovided.Therefore,itisquiteimportanttounderstandthedesignandresearchstatusofthelargecommercialcomplexandtoprovidesafe,reasonableandeconomicalfiredesignmethod.22.Characteristicsoflargecommercialcomplexfire2.1HighfireoccurrenceThereareheavyfireloadsinsidethelargecommercialcomplex,whichincludemerchandiseslikeclothes,shoes,hatsandcombustibledecorations.Itiswidelyrecognizedthatelectricityistheimportantfactortocausefirehazard.Therefore,toprovideelectricityamongthesecombustiblesisverydangerous.However,inthelargecommercialcomplex,electricsystemsandequipmentareinstalledtoprovideelectricityforlighting,ventilatingandairconditioning.Ifthereisshortcircuit,spark,poorcontactorlongtimeelectrifyingofthelightsorelectricheater,firemaybecaused.Inaddition,otherfactorslikeimproperwelding,lightedcigaretteendsorarsoncancausefiretoo.2.2QuickspreadoffireandsmokeIffireoccursinalargecommercialcomplex,itcanspreadveryquicklyandgrowintoalargefireinashorttime,whiletheshelteroftherackusuallydecreasethesensitivityofthefiredetectionsystemandcausedelay.Asaresult,firecan’tbedetectedandcontrolledtimely.Theotherreasonforquickfirespreadingisthattheverticalspaceformedbytheatriumandescalatorsinthecomplexmayhelpfireandsmoketospreadtothewholebuilding.2.3LargecasualtiesandpropertylossThelargecommercialcomplexusuallyaccommodatesvaluablemerchandisesandfacilities.Oncethereisafire,bigpropertylossisinevitable.Andwhat’smorefatalisthatthereareusuallylargeassembliespresent.TheheavysmokewithCO,CO2,NOx,HCNnotonlyaffectsthesafeandquickevacuationofthepeople,butalsoputthemindanger.AccordingtothestatisticsofJapanandUK,thepercentageofdeathscausedbysuffocationinthefirecanbeashighas78.9%.Asaresultofacomplicatedlayout,largeassemblyofpeople,longtimetoevacuate,thelargecommercialcomplexissusceptibletofatalfireaccidentswhichusuallysufferheavycasualties.Forexample,onSept.30,1997,afireoccurredinasupermarketonthethirdfloorofashoppingmallinChangchun,Jilinprovince.Itcaused11deathsand2injuries.Theburningareareached4500m2and3mostofthecommoditiesinsidethesupermarketwereburnt.ThedirectpropertylosswasRMB14,611,000Yuan.3.AnalysisofdifficultiesinfireprotectiondesignoflargecommercialcomplexComparingwiththeordinarybuilding,thecommercialcomplexislargeandusuallymulti-functional.Duringtheconstruction,newmaterials,technologiesandstructuresareemployed,whichoftenbringaboutdifficultiesinitsfireprotectiondesign.3.1TherearenoapplicablerequirementsforthefireprotectiondesignofthecomplexinthecurrentnationalfirecodeForthefireprotectiondesignofalargecommercialcomplex,thecurrentnationalstandardhascoveredthefollowingpoints:（1）thebuildingstyleandthedistributionofbusinessoperationsinsidethecomplex;（2）thestyleoftheindoorwalkingstreet;（3）howtodeterminethefireloadofthecomplex;（4）ifthewalkingstreetinsidethecomplexcanbeusedasasafeevacuationarea?Ifyes,whatkindofconditionsshouldbeprovided;（5）theoccupancydensity,firefightingequipment,smokecontrolpatternaswellasotherimportantdesignparameters;（6）thesizeandseparationoftheshopsalongthebothsidesofthewalkingstreet.3.2TherearelimitationsinthefirecodeforthefiredesigningofthelargecommercialcomplexHerejustgivesanexampletoillustratethelimitation.Therequirementsfortheevacuationofthepeoplein“Codefordesignofshopbuildings”JGJ48-88can’tmeettheneedoftheevacuationsystemofthelargecommercialcomplex.PersonnelconvertquantityinJGJ48-88isbasedonthebusinessareaandtheareaofthestorage,whichistotallyunfitforthenewlayoutofacomplexwithmodernideasandnovelties.TheevacuationwidthcalculatedaccordingtothemethodgiveninJGJ48-88isusuallytoobig.Asaresult,morestaircaseswillberequired,whichnotonlybringsgreatdifficultiesinthedesigningoftheevacuationsystem,butalsocreateenormouswaste.Atthesame4time,thelayout,structureaswellastheaesthetic