材料科学基础概论分析

Chapter1alloy合金atomic-scalearchitecture原子尺度结构（构造）brittle脆性的ceramic陶瓷composite复合材料concrete混凝土conductor?导体crystalline?晶态的devitrified反玻璃化的（晶化的）ductility（可）延（展）性，可锻性electronicandmagneticmaterial?电子和磁性材料element元素fiberglass玻璃钢glass玻璃glass-ceramic玻璃陶瓷/微晶玻璃insulator绝缘体materialsscienceandengineering材料科学与工程materialsselection材料选择metallic金属的microcircuitry微电路microscopic-scalearchitecture微观尺度结构（构造）noncrystalline非晶态的nonmetallic非金属的oxide氧化物periodictable周期表plastic塑性的、塑料polyethylene聚乙烯polymer聚合物property性能（质）refractory耐火材料、耐火的semiconductor半导体silica石英、二氧化硅silicate硅酸盐silicon硅steel钢structuralmaterial结构材料wood木材Chapter7aluminumalloy铝合金grayiron灰口铁amorphousmetal无定形金属high-alloysteel高合金钢austeniticstainlesssteel奥氏体不锈钢high-strengthlow-alloysteel高强度低合金钢Brinellhardnessnumber布氏硬度值Hooke’slaw胡克定律carbonsteel碳钢Chapter11capacitor电容器electron-holepair电子-空穴对piezoelectriccouplingcoefficient压电耦合系数ceramic陶瓷electronicconduction电子传导piezoelectriceffect压电效应chargecarrier载流子energyband能带polymer聚合物chargedensity电荷密度energybandgap能隙positivechargecarrier正载流子coercivefield矫顽（电）场energylevel能级PZT锆钛酸铅conductionband导带extrinsicsemiconductor非本征半导体remanentpolarization剩余极化conductivity传导率Fermifunction费米函数resistivity电阻率conductor导体Fermilevel费米能级resistance电阻current电流ferroelectric铁电性reversepiezoelectriceffect逆压电效应dielectric介电性，介电体freeelectron自由电子saturizationpolarization饱和极化dielectricconstant介电常数glass玻璃Seebeckpotential赛贝克（电）势dielectricstrength介电强度hysteresisloop（电）滞回线semiconductor半导体domain（电）畴insulator绝缘体spontaneouspolarization自发极化driftvelocity漂移速率intrinsicsemiconductor本征半导体superconductor超导体electricpermittivity电容率，介电常数metal金属temperaturecoefficientofresistivity电阻率温度系数electricalconduction电导negativechargecarrier负载流子impactenergy冲击能castiron铸铁leadalloy铅合金CharpytestCharpy试验low-alloysteel低合金钢coldworking冷作加工loweryieldpoint屈服点下限copperalloy铜合金magnesiumalloy镁合金creepcurve蠕变曲线malleableiron可锻铸铁primarystage第一（初期）阶段martensiticstainlesssteel马氏体不锈钢secondarystage第二阶段modulusofelasticity弹性模量tertiary(final)?stage第三（最后）阶段modulusofrigidity刚性模量dislocationclimb位错攀（爬）移nickelalloy镍合金ductileiron球墨铸铁nickel-aluminumsuperalloy镍铝超合金ductile-to-brittletransitiontemperature韧性-脆性转变温度nonferrousalloy非铁合金ductility（可）延（展）性，可锻性plasticdeformation塑性变形elasticdeformation弹性变形Poission’sratio泊松比engineeringstrain工程应变preciousmetal贵金属engineeringstress工程应力precipitation-hardenedstainlesssteel沉淀(脱溶)硬化不锈钢fatiguecurve疲劳曲线rapidlysolidifiedalloy速凝合金/快速固化合金fatiguestrength(endurancelimit)疲劳强度（耐久极限）refractory?metal耐火（高温）金属ferriticstainlesssteel铁素体不锈钢Rockwellhardness洛氏硬度ferrousalloy铁基合金shearmodulus剪（切）模量fracturemechanics断裂机制shearstrain剪（切）应变fracturetoughness断裂韧性shearstress剪（切）应力gagelength标距（长度），计量长度，有效长度solutionhardening固溶强化electricalfieldstrength电场强度Ohm’slaw欧姆定律thermocouple热（电）偶electricallypoled电极化的orbital轨道transducer变（转）换器/换能器electron电子paraelectric顺电性的valenceband价带electronhole电子空穴Pauliexclusionprinciple泡利不相容原理voltage电压commonality（特点等的）共有，共同特点，共性inlightof按照，根据manifestation显示，表明，表现，表现形式，现象givewayto让路（步），退让，让位，屈服spacing间隔（距）abstract抽象reciprocal倒数的mobility迁移率drift漂移precisely正好地hypothetical假（设）定的delocalize使离开原位extension扩展（充）pseudocontinuous准连续的nature自然状态conductiveto有助（益）的ontheorderof(数值)相当于，大约，数量级为，跟相似的accessibility能进入（的），可得到（的）inability无能（力）attributeto归结于agitation扰动wavepacket波包（群）irregularity不规则，无规律reminiscent回忆往事的，提醒的，暗示的ultimately最后（终）于trace追溯，上溯ambient周围的（环境）tabulate把......制成表格，列表finite有限的empirical经验的ironically冷嘲的，具有讽刺意味的，用反语的，挖苦的，令人啼笑皆非的synchronization同时发生，同步cooperative配合accountfor解释，占多少比例galvanization电镀，镀锌steel钢strainhardening应变强化whiteiron白铁，白口铁superalloy超合金wroughtalloy可锻（锻造、轧制）合金tensilestrength拉伸强度yieldpoint屈服点titaniumalloy钛合金yieldstrength屈服强度toolsteel工具钢Young’smodulus杨氏模量toughness韧性zincalloy锌合金upperyieldpoint屈服点上限Chapter8annealingpoint退火点linearcoefficientofthermalexpansion线性热膨胀系数refractory耐火材料borosilicateglass硼硅酸盐玻璃expansion膨胀silicate硅酸盐brittlefracture脆性断裂magneticceramic磁性陶瓷silicateglass硅酸盐玻璃clay粘土meltingrange熔化（温度）范围soda-limesilicaglass钠钙硅酸盐玻璃color颜色modulusofrupture断裂模量softeningpoint软化点cosinelaw余弦定律networkformer网络形成体specularreflection镜面反射creep蠕变netwrokmodifier网络修饰体/网络外体staticfatigue静态疲劳crystallineceramic晶态陶瓷nonoxideceramic非氧化物陶瓷structuralclayproduct粘土类结构制品diffusereflection漫反射nonsilicateglass非硅酸盐玻璃surfacegloss表面光泽E-glass电子玻璃（E玻璃）nonsilicateoxideceramic非硅酸盐氧化物陶瓷temperedglass钢化玻璃electronicceramic电子陶瓷nuclearceramic核用陶瓷thermalconductivity热传导率speculation思索cryogenic低温学的appreciable可评估的，可感知的breakdown崩溃，击穿subsection细分asymmetrical不对称的dipole偶极子polarization极化crystallographic晶体的，晶体学的attheexpenseof以…..为代价symmetrical对称的exaggerate夸张（大）extrapolate推断（知），外推induce诱导prefix前缀intriguing引起?的兴趣（或好奇心）stemfrom由…引起的，产生（起源、归因于），出身于constrain强迫，抑制，约束straightforward简单，易懂的ensuring确保，保证pseudo-singlecrystal准单晶consolidate加固，使合成一体transmitter变送器，发射机oscillation振动megahertzMHzChapter12acceptorlevel受主能级device元件impurity杂质amorphoussemiconductor无定形半导体diode二极管intrinsicsemiconductor本征半导体amplifier放大器donorlevel施主能级microcircuit微电路Arrheniusbehavior???Arrhenius行为dopant掺杂剂n-typesemiconductor??n型半导体base基极drain漏极p-njunction???p-n结carriermobility载流子迁移（率）electronhole电子空穴p-typesemiconductor?p型