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简单句的五种基本句型讲解及练习题一、句子成份英语句子成分有主语,谓语,宾语,宾语补足语,表语,定语,状语等。顺序一般是主语,谓语,宾语,宾语补足语,而表语,定语,状语的位置要根据情况而定。1、主语:表示句子主要说明的人或事物,一般位于句首。但在therebe结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如:Countrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.(名词)WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.(代词)One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.(数词)Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.(不定式)Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.(动名词)Therichshouldhelpthepoor.(名词化的形容词)WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.(主语从句)Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)2、谓语:谓语说明主语的动作,状态或特征。可以有不同的时态,语态和语气。1)简单谓语:Westudyforthepeople.2)复合谓语:IcanspeakalittleEnglish.Wearereadingbooks.HehasgonetoBeijing..3、表语:它位于系动词(比如be)之后,说明主语身份,特征,属性或状态。Mysisterisanurse.Isityours?(代词)Theweatherhasturnedcold.(形容词)Thespeechisexciting.(分词)Threetimessevenistwentyone?(数词)HisjobistoteachEnglish.(不定式)Hishobby(爱好)isplayingfootball.(动名词)Therulermustbeinyourbox.(介词短语)Timeisup.Theclassisover.(副词)Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.(表语从句)4、宾语:宾语表示动作行为的对象,跟在及物动词之后,WelikeEnglish.Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.(数词)Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.(名词化形容词)Itbegantorain.(不定式短语)Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.(动名词短语)Ithink(that)heisfitforhisoffice.(宾语从句)有些及物动词可以带两个宾语,往往一个指人,一个指物,指人的叫间接宾语,指物的叫直接宾语。Hegavemesomeink.有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语,意思才完整,宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。如:Wemakehimourmonitor(班长).5、宾补:就是宾语补足语,就是补充说明宾语的IseeyoucrossingthestreetHisfathernamedhimDongming.(名词)Theypainted(涂漆)theirboatwhite.(形容词)Letthefresh(新鲜的)airin.(副词)Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.(不定式短语)Wesawherenteringtheroom.(现在分词)Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.(介词短语)6、定语:在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。Heisanewstudent.但副词,动词不定式,介词短语等作定语时,则放在被修饰的词之后。Thebikeintheroom/overthere/ismine.Guilinisabeautifulcity.(形容词)Chinaisadeveloping(发展中)country;Americaisadeveloped(发达)country.(分词)Therearethirtywomenteachersisourschool.(名词)Hisprogress(进步)inEnglishmadeussurprised.(代词)Ourmonitor(班长)isalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.(不定式短语)Heisreadinganarticle(文章)abouthowtolearnEnglish.(介词短语)7、状语:修饰动词,形容词,副词以及全句的句子成分,叫做状语。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。HelivesinLondon.Lighttravelsmostquickly.(副词及副词性词组)Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.(介词短语)Heissorrytotrouble(麻烦)you.(不定式短语)Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.(分词短语)Once(一旦0youbegin,youmustcontinue.(状语从句)状语种类如下:Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?(时间状语)Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.(原因状语)Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.(条件状语)MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.(地点状语)Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.(方式状语)Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.(伴随状语)Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.(目的状语)Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.(结果状语)Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.(让步状语)Iamtallerthanheis.(比较状语)一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分:1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.4.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.5.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.6.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.7.Hewantstofinishtheworkintime.8.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice(建议).9.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.10.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?11.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?12.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.13.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.14.Henoticed(注意到)amanentertheroom.15.Theapplestastedsweet.简单句的五种基本句型英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下:S十V主谓结构主语+不及物动词S十V十P主系表结构主语+连系动词+表语S十V十O主谓宾结构主语+及物动词+宾语S十V十O1十O2主谓双宾结构S十V十O十C主谓宾补结构一、句型1:Subject(主语)+Verb(谓语)这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词,所谓不及物动词,就是这种动词后不可以直接接宾语。常见的动词如:work,sing,swim,fish,jump,arrive,come,die,disappear,cry,happen等。如:1)LiMingworksveryhard.李明学习很努力。2)Theaccidenthappenedyesterdayafternoon.事故是昨天下午发生的。3)Springiscoming.4)Wehavelivedinthecityfortenyears.二、句型2:Subject(主语)+Link.V(系动词)+Predicate(表语)这种句型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等。其系动词一般可分为下列两类:(1)表示状态。这样的词有:be,look,seem,smell,taste,sound,keep等。如:1)Thiskindoffoodtastesdelicious.这种食物吃起来很可口。2)Helookedworriedjustnow.刚才他看上去有些焦急。(2)表示变化。这类系动词有:become,turn,get,grow,go等。如:1)Springcomes.Itisgettingwarmerandwarmer.春天到了,天气变得越来越暖和。2)Thetreehasgrownmuchtallerthanbefore.这棵树比以前长得高多了。三、句型3:Subject(主语)+Verb(谓语)+Object(宾语)这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词,所谓及物动词,就是这种动词后可以直接接宾语,其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当。例:1)Hetookhisbagandleft.(名词)他拿着书包离开了。2)LiLeialwayshelpsmewhenIhavedifficulties.(代词)当我遇到困难时,李雷总能给我帮助。3)SheplanstotravelinthecomingMayDay.(不定式)她打算在即将到来的“五一”外出旅游。4)Idon’tknowwhatIshoulddonext.(从句)我不知道下一步该干什么。注意:英语中的许多动词既是及物动词,又是不及物动词。四、句型4:Subject(主语)+Verb(谓语)+Indirectobject(间接宾语)+Directobject(直接宾语)这种句型中,直接宾语为主要宾语,表示动作是对谁做的或为谁做的,在句中不可或缺,常常由表示“物”的名词来充当;间接宾语也被称之为第二宾语,去掉之后,对整个句子的影响不大,多由指“人”的名词或代词承担。引导这类双宾语的常见动词有:buy,pass,lend,give,tell,teach,show,bring,send等。如:1)Herfatherboughtheradictionaryasabirthdaypresent.她爸爸给她买了一本词典作为生日礼物。2)TheoldmanalwaystellsthechildrenstoriesabouttheheroesintheLongMarch.老人经常给孩子们讲述长征途中那些英雄的故事。上述句子还可以表达为:1)Herfatherboughtadictionaryforherasabirthdaypresent.2)TheoldmanalwaystellsstoriesabouttheheroestothechildrenintheLongMarch.五、句型5:Subject(主语)+Verb(动词)+Object(宾语)+Complement(补语)这种句型中的“宾语+补语”统称为“复合宾语”。宾语补足语的主要作用或者是补充、说明宾语的特点、身份等;或者表示让宾语去完成的动作等。担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。
本文标题:简单句的五种基本句型讲解及练习题
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