Chapter08曼昆经济学

219Chapter8Applications:TheCostsofTaxationMULTIPLECHOICE1.In1776,theAmericanRevolutionwassparkedbyangerovera.theextravagantlifestyleofBritishroyalty.b.thecrimesofBritishsoldiersstationedintheAmericanColonies.c.BritishtaxesimposedontheAmericanColonies.d.thefailureoftheBritishtoprotectAmericanColonistsfromattackbyhostileNativeAmericans.ANSWER:c.BritishtaxesimposedontheAmericanColonies.TYPE:MSECTION:0DIFFICULTY:22.In1776,theAmericanRevolutionwassparkedbya.thelackofreligiousfreedominAmerica.b.angeroverBritishtaxes.c.Britain’sattempttocontrolAmericantrade.d.aselectfewwhocravedpoliticalpower.ANSWER:b.angeroverBritishtaxes.TYPE:MSECTION:0DIFFICULTY:23.WhenRonaldReaganranfortheofficeofPresidentoftheUnitedStates,hepromisedthat,ifelected,hewouldworkfora.increasedtaxesongasoline.b.reducedstatesalestaxrates.c.reducedFederalsalestaxrates.d.reducedFederalincometaxrates.ANSWER:d.reducedFederalincometaxrates.TYPE:MSECTION:0DIFFICULTY:24.DuringRonaldReagan’seightyearsinofficea.incometaxratesrose.b.incometaxratesfell.c.hesaid,“Readmylips:nonewtaxes.”d.thetaxrateofhigh-incometaxpayersrose,whilethetaxratesoflowincometaxpayersfell.ANSWER:b.incometaxratesfell.TYPE:MSECTION:0DIFFICULTY:25.DuringRonaldReagan’stermsinoffice,thetoptaxratefellfroma.70percentto28percent.b.50percentto28percent.c.36percentto15percent.d.50percentto15percent.ANSWER:a.70percentto28percent.TYPE:MSECTION:0DIFFICULTY:16.Tofullyunderstandhowtaxesaffecteconomicwell-being,wemusta.assumethateconomicwell-beingisnotaffectedifalltaxrevenueisspentongoodsandservicesfortheAmericanpublic.b.knowthedollaramountofalltaxesraisedinthecountryeachyear.c.comparethereducedwelfareofbuyersandsellerstotheamountofgovernmentrevenueraised.d.comparetheexpendituresofthe50stategovernmentswiththatofthefederalgovernment.ANSWER:c.comparethereducedwelfareofbuyersandsellerstotheamountofgovernmentrevenueraised.TYPE:MSECTION:1DIFFICULTY:2220Chapter8/Applications:TheCostsofTaxation7.Toanalyzeeconomicwell-beinginaneconomyitisnecessarytousea.demandandsupply.b.producerandconsumersurplus.c.governmentspendingandtaxrevenue.d.equilibriumpriceandquantity.ANSWER:b.producerandconsumersurplus.TYPE:MSECTION:1DIFFICULTY:18.Whenataxisleviedonagooda.onlythequantityofthegoodsoldwillchange.b.onlythepriceofthegoodsoldwillchange.c.bothpriceandquantityofthegoodsoldwillchange.d.neitherpricenorquantityofthegoodsoldwillchange.ANSWER:c.bothpriceandquantityofthegoodsoldwillchange.TYPE:MSECTION:1DIFFICULTY:29.Ataxonagooda.raisesthepricebuyerspayandlowersthepricesellersreceive.b.raisesboththepricebuyerspayandthepricesellersreceive.c.lowersboththepricebuyerspayandthepricesellersreceive.d.lowersthepricebuyerspayandraisesthepricesellersreceive.ANSWER:a.raisesthepricebuyerspayandlowersthepricesellersreceive.TYPE:MSECTION:1DIFFICULTY:310.Whenagoodistaxeda.bothbuyersandsellersareworseoff.b.onlybuyersareworseoffbecausetheyultimatelypaythemajorityofthetax.c.onlysellersareworseoffbecausethegovernmentholdsthemresponsibleforcollectingthetax.d.neitherbuyersnorsellersareworseoffsincetaxrevenueisusedtoprovidegoodsandservicesthatwouldotherwisenotbeprovidedbythemarket.ANSWER:a.bothbuyersandsellersareworseoff.TYPE:MSECTION:1DIFFICULTY:211.Ataxplacedonaproductcausesthepricethebuyerpaysa.andthepricethesellerreceivestobehigher.b.andthepricethesellerreceivestobelower.c.tobelowerandthepricethesellerreceivestobehigher.d.tobehigherandthepricethesellerreceivestobelower.ANSWER:d.tobehigherandthepricethesellerreceivestobelower.TYPE:MSECTION:1DIFFICULTY:312.Economicanalysisuseswhichofthefollowingtojudgetheeffectoftaxesoneconomicwelfare?a.governmentspendingb.consumerandproducersurplusc.equilibriumpriceandquantityd.opportunitycostANSWER:b.consumerandproducersurplusTYPE:MSECTION:1DIFFICULTY:113.Ataxleviedonthesupplierofaproductshiftsthea.supplycurveupward(ortotheleft).b.supplycurvedownward(ortotheright).c.demandcurveupward(ortotheright).d.demandcurvedownward(ortotheleft).ANSWER:a.supplycurveupward(ortotheleft).TYPE:MSECTION:1DIFFICULTY:2Chapter8/Applications:TheCostsofTaxation22114.Ataxleviedonthebuyersofaproductshiftsthea.supplycurveupward(ortotheleft).b.supplycurvedownward(ortotheright).c.demandcurvedownward(ortotheleft).d.demandcurveupward(ortotheright).ANSWER:c.demandcurvedownward(ortotheleft).TYPE:MSECTION:1DIFFICULTY:215.Ifataxisimposedonthebuyerofaproductthedemandcurvewouldshifta.downwardbytheamountofthetax.b.upwardbytheamountofthetax.c.downwardbylessthantheamountofthetax.d.upwardbymorethantheamountofthetax.ANSWER:a.downwardbytheamountofthetax.TYPE:MSECTION:1DIFFICULTY:216.Ataxplacedonkitebuyerswillshifta.demandupward,causingboththepricereceivedbysellersandtheequilibriumquantitytofall.b.demanddownward,causingboththepricereceivedbysellersandtheequilibriumquantitytofall.c.supplydownward,causingthepricereceivedbysellerstofallandequilibriumquantitytorise.d.supplyupward,causingthepricereceivedbysellerstoriseandequilibriumquantitytofall.ANSWER:b.demanddownward,causingboththepricereceivedbysellersandtheequilibriumquantitytofall.TYPE:MSECTION:1DIFFICU