孔子与儒家(英文介绍)

Confucius,ConfucianismandChrist,ChristianityConfucius:LatinizedspellingChinesename:•KongFuzi孔夫子•(MasterKong)•551-479BCtitles:TheFirstHolyOne,FirstTeacher,TeacheroftheTenThousandGenerations•NeverlivedtoseehisdoctrinesputintopracticeATimeofTurmoil•ZhouDynasty(1122-253BC)•GoldenAge-ThereignofYuWang(780BC)•Feudallordsinpower,Emperorisemptytitle“Chinawasnolongeronecountrybutadozen,eachpotentiallytheenemyofanyother”JamieBuehlerIsConfucianismaphilosophy,acodeofethics,orareligion?JamieBuehlerConfucianismasasystemofethics•Moralconductisthebasisofsocialharmony•Emphasisonselfdisciplineandeducation•Obligationtofamily–Familyasmicrocosmoftheuniverse–StrictFathervs.NurturingParentmodelJamieBuehlerConfucianismasaphilosophy•“Confucianism’srootmetaphorwasandisaconcernfortheworld”Humanity,reciprocity,empathy•CollectiveIndividual•Humansaregood,butwestray–Educationandself-disciplineJamieBuehlerConfucianismasareligion•Religion=communityofpeoplewhosharebeliefs,culturalpractices,worshipadeity/deities•“somethingdonewithgreatattentiontodetail”–ConfucianphilosophyofselfdisciplineConfucianismasareligion•Confuciuswasnotagodoraprophet•Hedidnotcreatetheseideas,butmerelyrestoredthem“AstobeingaDivineSageorevenaGoodMan,farbeitfrommetomakeanysuchclaim.”“Iamnotoneofthosewhohaveinnateknowledge.Iamsimplyonewholovesthepastandwhoisdiligentininvestigatingit”Confucianismasareligion•Ritualsforalloccasionsoflife–Venerationofancestors–Meditation•Noinitiationormembership•HeavenisamanifestationofGod–Thewordsareinterchangeable–Heavenmeansgoodness.Tobegoodistoliveinharmonywithheaven–Mencius“Heavendoesnotspeak”Ren仁•Aprincipleofmutuality,human-heartedness,andempathy.•Theabilitytoempathizewithanother’sdiscomfortthatwouldpreventthemoralpersontorefrainfromactinginwaysthatwouldcausediscomfort.•SimilartoChristianity’sGoldenRuleBasically…ApersondoesallactionsforthesakeofJenbecausetherespectforhumanityimpliestherighthumanwaytoact.Yi义（義）•Righteousness,moraldescriptiontodogood.•Actinginawayordoingwhatneedstobedonesimplybecauseitoughttobedone,notforpersonalgainorprofit.Basically…ApersondoesallactionforthesakeofYibecausetheyaretherightthingtodo.Li礼（禮）•Istheprincipleofgainorbenefit,orderorpropriety.•TwomainaspectsofLi:–Guidetohumanrelationshipsandrulesofproperaction.–Guidetosocialorderorgeneralorderingoflife.Li礼•TheFiveRelationshipsallrepresentthewaythingsshouldbedoneinasociallife–FatherandSon(lovingandreverential)–OlderBrotherandYoungerBrother(gentleandrespectful)–HusbandandWife(goodandlistening)–OlderFriendandYoungerFriend(considerateanddifferential)–RulerandSubject(benevolentandloyal)Ming命•“MandateofHeaven”,fateordestiny.•AccordingtoConfucius,Mingissimplythewaythingsareinthecourseofthings.•Hedeclaredthathisprinciplesprevailedwereming,andiftheydidnottheywerealsoming.•Confuciusbelievedthatthebestthingwecandoistodowhatweoughttodounderthecircumstances.DoctrineoftheMean中庸•“MiddleWay”•Avoidingallextremesineitherthoughtoraction,butapplyingaprinciplestandardofmeasurementtohisorherownmotivesandactions.FilialPiety孝•Reverenceandextremerespectforparents.•AhugepartofChineseculturethathasbeenadoptedintothreemainreligions:Confucianism,Buddhism,andDaoism.•Variesfromtakingcareoftheparentstoburyingthemproperlyafterdeath.“Whenyourfatherisaliveobservehisintentions.Whenheisdeceased,modelyourselfonthememoryofhisbehavior.Ifin3yearsafterhisdeath,youhavenotdeviatedfromyourfather’sways,thenyoumaybeconsideredafilialchild”-ConfuciusTheFiveClassics五经•ClassicofHistory•ClassicofPoetryorBookofOdes•ClassicofRites•BookofChangesorIChing•SpringandAutumnAnnalsTheFourBooks四书•AnalectsofConfucius•DoctrineoftheMean•GreatLearning•MenciusErosvsAgape爱（愛）•Eros–Sexual,romanticlove•Agape–Deepestlove,basedondoinggoodthingsforanotherperson–UnconditionalIsConfucianismEros,Agape,orneither?仁者爱人。道德仁义，非礼不成；TheThreeUniversalVirtuesLove仁Wisdom知Courage勇•Tobeusedthrougheducation,self-discipline,andtheacceptanceofshame--LoveForAll--FamilyAndSociety•RespectStartsintheFamily•OnecanthenbranchofftoSociety•Conductoneselfwiththoughttowardfamilyandothers.Education•Confucianismemphasizeseducation•Shouldonlybedonefortheadvancementofone’sknowledge•Notforfame,wealth,admiration.“Ignoranceisthenightofthemind,butanightwithoutmoonandstar.”-ConfuciusGoldenRule•Likemostreligions•HumansneedtorespectandtreatothersastheythemselveswouldwishtobetreatedIndividualSelf-Interest•Frownedupon•CollectiveWell-Being•RememberRenandYi?TheVirtuousPerson•“DoingforNothing”•WorkasaSociety•The‘virtuousperson’actsinwaysonlybecauseitshouldbedoneasopposedtoactinginwaysforprofitorotherpersonalbenefits.ChristianityandConfucianismChristianityandConfucianism“TheGoldenRule”ChristianityandConfucianism•Othersimilarities….–BibleandtheFiveClassicsandtheFourBooks–10commandment:ninecommandment–HeavenChristianityandConfucianism•Differences–Deity:JesusandConfucius–BeliefsQuestionInyourownopinion,wouldyouclassifyConfucianismasaphilosophy,acodeofethics,areligion,ornone/alloftheabove?J