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当前位置:首页 > 中学教育 > 初中教育 > 2016届成考-英语语法课件
Requirements1).Keepyourphonequiet;2).Don’thaveyourbreakfast/snackinclassroom;3).Prepareyourbook,anotebookandapenforyourlearning;4).Finishthetaskinyourbookwell;5).Ifanyonehasday-break,Please,givemeyourday-offpaperbeforeourclass.第一章语音元音音标1.音标辅音音标2.实记p1-p8音标对应的词汇第二章词汇与语法名词代词形容词、副词介词冠词数词含义、用法名词1)名词复数构成法则:-s-es-ies规则变化fe/f-ves名词复数不规则变化词汇:tooth,foot…2)复合名词的复数构成规则:a.复合名变:looker-onlookers-onb.无名后变:grown-upgrown-upsc.将最后一个构成部分变为复数形式:letter-boxletter-boxesd.复合两变:man/woman+名词:mandoctorMendoctors注:名+man/woman,此时后变复即可,除GermanGermans3)单复数同行的名词:means,species,Chinese,ext.(此类词做主语时,谓语单复是取决于主语数的意义)名词的所有格表达a.一般所有格的表达法:…..的。有生命的名词,在其后+’s/“’”;n.+’s/“’”同一样东西为两人共有,则只在后一名词+’s;若不是共有的事物,则分别在其后+’s.Eg:1.lilyandlucy’sdesk___verypretty.A.isB.areC.amD.were2.lily’sandlucy’srooms___wonderful.AC2)….of+名词(无生命的名词):thecoverofbook3)p15双重所有格:a/an/one/tow/some…of+所有格/名词性物主代词…中的几而a/an/one/tow/some…of+名词…的…代词人称代词物主代词指示代词代词分类反身代词相互代词疑问代词不定代词1.人称代词注:人称代词排序问题2.物主代词p203.指示代词指示代词包括:this,thatthese,thosesuch,same考点:p21(a,b,c)4.反身代词p21人称单数复数第一人MyselfOurselves第二人称称YourselfYourselves第三人称himselfherselfitselfthemselves5.相互代词p22宾格所有格eachothereachother’soneanotheroneanother’s6.疑问代词p22主格宾格所有格指人Whowhomwhose指物Whatwhose指人/物whichwhose7.不定代词p23-25注:着重看不定代词的用法比较形容词+副词1)形容词的比较级+最高级的变化规则:a.单音节-er;-est;cleancleanercleanestb.以e结尾的单音节-r;-st;closecloserclosestc.-y,-er,-ow,-ble等双音节词-er;-est;clevercleverercleverestd.–y-ier;-iest;luckyluckierlukieste.双写结尾单词-er;-est;fatfatterfattestf.more/themost+部分双音节/多音节词2)形容词比较级+最高级的不规则变化见:p313)形容词比较级+最高级的用法S+v.+形比+than+对比成分a.S+v.+the形容词最高级+n.+范围的短语/从句b.the+形比…,the+形比…越…,越…c.形比+and+形比越来越…d.s+v.+as+形/副原级+as+从句/n.…跟…一样副词1)副词分类:p322)副词比较级+最高级的变化规律跟形容词的变化规律相似;不规则变化p333)副词比较用法副词比较级的用法a.s+v.+as+adj./adv./n.+as+n./从句…跟…一样…b.倍数+as+…as……是…多少倍assuch:上文所指明的人或事c.asmuch:与…同量asmany:与…一样多d.Thesame+名词+as……与…一样…数词p37介词P46-48冠词p41注:1)a/an:用于quite,rather,many,half,what,such之后2)the:the+adj./姓氏复数谓语用复数3)零冠词:p43连词p501.并列连词:①并列词汇:either…or;neither…nor;notonly…,butalso…;both…and(谓语动词采用就近原则)②并列句:and,or,but,so.2.从属连词:p52①宾语从句连词:that;when,where,who,what;if,whether(区分:介词后;ornot;不定式连用,只能用whether。).②状语从句的连词:时间状语从句;原因状语从句;结果状语从句;比较状语从句;条件状语从句。(注:a.当主句为一般将来时(will引导),则时间状语从句/条件状语从句中,用一般现在时表将来;b.当if引导宾语从句时,原句一般将来时不变。③引导状语从句的连词的用法:after,before,assoonas,till/until,while(从句中vt.必须是延续性动词),when.简单句与并列句s+v.s+v.+p.1.简单句p91s+v.+o.s+v.+o.+O.s+v.+o.+c.2.并列句p92并列关系:and;both…and…;…aswellas…,notonly…,butalso…;neither…nor…转折关系:but,however,while,still,yet…选择关系:or;either…or…;not…but…;orelse;otherwise…因果关系:for,so/so…that…;therefore;because…3.句子分类目的:陈述句,祈使句,感叹句,疑问句(一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句p90)结构:简单句、并列句、复合句主谓一致语法一致主谓一致意义一致就近原则语法一致p1161)主语由and,both…and…连接的并列结构:a.s=2,谓语动词用复数;b.由and连接,且主语前有each,every,no修饰时,谓语动词用单数。2)就前原则:with;but;alongwith;togetherwith;aswellas;like;ratherthan;except;besides;including;inadditionto;谓语动词形式由前面的词汇决定;Eg:I,aswellasLucy,____agoodstudent.A.isB.amC.areD.beAllbutTom___totheconcert.A.goesB.wentC.goD.takepartBC3)Todo/doing在句中做主语时,谓语动词用单数;Eg:Helpingothersthatmeettroublesismypleasure.注:当what引导主语从句时/由and连接(=2)动词不定式或动名词做主语时,谓语动词的数应根据意义一致的原则来决定。p117Eg:WhatIwantisabook/areapples.Lyingandstealingareimmoral.4)复合不定代词/each/manya+名单/morethanone+单名,做主语时,谓语动词用单数。P1175)Theonly,thevery,the+序数词,最高级等限定词/修饰语时+oneof+复名,谓语动词用单数。无修饰词时,谓语动词用复数。p117Eg:Ericistheonlyoneofhisfriendswhoistherichestone.6)a.glasses,scissors,shirts,shoes,trousers等词做主语时,谓语动词用复数;b.由pairof+glasses,scissors…,谓语动词单复数看pair。p118意义一致p1181)n.+and+n.做主语时,谓语动词用复数;the+n.+and+n.做主语时(两单数名词指同一人/物/概念),谓语动词用单数Eg:thegraduateandteacherthat____fromTianJing____wellinoralEnglish.A.Comes,doB.come,didC.comes,doesD.came,doC2)形复意单的名词做主语时:a.复数形式的专有名词:theUnitedStates做主语时,谓语动词用单数;表示山脉,人名,群岛等以复数形式出现时,谓语动词用复数,如:Alps。b.表示学科的名词做主语时,谓语动词用单数:physics,politics,mathematics,economics,electronics等c.以-s结尾,但意义作为单数的名词有news,maths,plastics,works,means等,谓语用单数。d.成对名词做主语时+谓单:theforkandknife;e.Oneandahalf+复名+谓单;Eg:OneandahalfpearsisgiventomebyLucy.oneortwo+复名+谓复。3)有生命的集体名词做主语时(people,police,cattle,militia等)+谓复Family,team,class,government,audience,crew,committee等,做整体意义时+谓单;做个体意义时+谓复。4)the+adj.+谓复Eg:thepoor___ajobtosupport___.A.need,himselfB.needs,themselvesC.need,themselvesD.need,themselfC5)时间、金钱、重量、温度、度量、容量做主语时+谓单;6)anumberof+名复+谓复许多……thenumberof+名复+谓单…….的数量7)noneof/neitherof+名复+谓单/谓复8)分数/百分数+of+名复/un.,谓语动词单复数由of后名词决定;9)all,any,enough,half,more,most,therest,part,some等+n.做主语时,谓语单复数由n.决定。Eg:Allmoney___earnedbymyselfthroughworkinghard.A.isB.areC.wereD.amA就近原则p120谓语动词单复数,由最靠近它的名词决定:1.Or;neither…nor…;either…or…;notonly…,butalso;not…but…Eg:NeitherLucynorI___intoreading.A.amB.amnotC.isD.isnotA2.Therebe…Eg:isarehashaveThere___apairofshoes.There___applesanddrinksonmydesk.There___somemoney,abottleofwaterandmanysnacks.isareis动词p55vt.及物动词1.实意动词vi.不及物动词2.连系动词:be,become,look,feel,sound,smell,taste,seem,turn,grow,get,go,fall,sit,stand,lie…注:become:更正式,表结果;get:口语化,温度,时间,岁数…go:bad,hungry,blind…变得grow:身高,岁数。逐渐…turn:颜色be:用于将来时,祈使句,不定式3.助动词:be(用于进行时,被动语态):isamare;waswere;been;beinghave(用于完成时):hashave;having;hadshallshould;willwould(将来时)do(一般时):does;did注:人称、数的区分。4.情态动词:1)cancould;maymightsha
本文标题:2016届成考-英语语法课件
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