厦门市同安区不同扩展轴上的景观格局梯度分析与比较

285200909PROGRESSINGEOGRAPHYVol.28,No.5Sept.,2009：2008-11；：2009-04.（2007J0225）。：(1973-)，，，，，、。E-mail:[e-mail]767-7741,2341,2(1．，361021；2．，361021；3．，361003；4．，361005)：，。，，324，，。，，，324；，，，，，324，，，。，、、。：；；；；1，[1]。[2]，[3]。[4]，[5-6]，、[6-9]。[10]，、[11]。，。，[11]。Whittaker[12]，[13-14][15]。，，“→→→→”[11,16-19]。，。[6,20]，，，。[20]，，[21]。，，，，28。。2，。、，，，，。，、，、、，657.59km2。324、205()(1)。1987、1995Landsat-TM(10m)2004SPOT(2.5m)，GoogleEarth2007(2.35km)，，，324。，，，324。324，，，1921，1936，，1995，23m，22m，6[22]。205，、，19.5km，，，，1995，60m，22m，6[22]。33.1GoogleEarth392007(2.35km)，Mapinfo8.5。，：。、、，、、、()；；。、，；()；、。3.2，324，，，324。，3km，，12km，3249km。，3km×3km，1.5km，73km×3km，32453km×3km。1Fig.1LocationofTong'anDistrictandtrunkline7685：2、Fig.2Transects,movingwindowandlandscapetypesintransects，[18]。、2。3.3，[23]。，、。PLAND、NP、MPS；LSI、Shannon-weaverH、D、C。44.1，0.17km2，5.92/km2。1，，，，，。，，，，。324，0.16km2，6.08/km2，，，，。，，，，，。，、，，，。，[4]，[24]，，37.36%，，32429.33%，。，。，，，2。324，，，，，，。，、。4.24.2.13243a、3b。3a、3b，，，1Tab.1Synopticlandscapecharacteristicsofdifferenttransects76928cedbf。，，，(6~7.5km，3246~7.5km)，。，324，—，，，324，，。。3(，324)Fig.3Changesinclass-levelmetricsalongdifferenttransectsa7705：，，324。，，324。，3241.5km3km，。，，，。3c、3d。，，。324，，3km4.5km，。。3e、3f。，，，。，，，，，，。324，，，，，、。，。4.2.24a。，，，，，，324，。4.56km，2，，324，。，。4b。，，，，，，。324，，，，324，。，4c，，7.5km，，，32434.5km，，。7.5km，7.5km，，。32434.5km，，，，324，。4d。，，，，77128ba，，。，，324，，，4.56km，3d，，，，，，。55.1324，，。，，324；，，，，，324，，，。，。，，37.36%，，32429.33%，，，。[24]，4(，324)Fig.4Changesinlandscape-levelmetricsalongdifferenttransectsdc7725：，20%~40%，40%，37.36%，，。5.2、、，。，，，，，，324，，，324，。、，，，，，、，。[1],,..,2007,27(2)：296-301.[2],.：.，2007，23(7)：72-75.[3],..，1997,3：43-46.[4]..3.:，2001:282.[5],..,1997，16(2):1-4.[6],,,..,2007，22(4)：524-535.[7]..，2002，21(1)：43-50.[8],,,.:.,2008,27(2)：285-293.[9],,.、.，2003,18(4)：412-422.[10]LinT,XueX,HuangJ,etal.Assessingegretecologicalsafetyintheurbanenvironment:AcasestudyinXiamen,China.InternationalJournalofSustainableDevelopment&WorldEcology,2008,15(4):383-388.[11]LuckM,WuJ.Agradientanalysisofurbanlandscapepattern:AcasestudyfromthePhoenixmetropolitanregion,Arizona,USA.LandscapeEcology,2002,71:1232-1237.[12]WhittakerR.CommunitiesandEcosystems.2nded.NewYork:MacMillan,1975.[13]KowarikI.Someresponsesoffloraandvegetationtour-banizationincentralEurope//SukoppH,HejnyS,KowarikI.UrbanEcology:PlantsandPlantCommunitiesinUrbanEnvironments.TheHague,Netherlands:SPBAcademicPublishing,1990:45-74.[14]SukoppH.Urbanecology-scientificandpracticalaspectsIn:BreusteJ,FeldmannH,UhlmannO.UrbanEcology.Berlin:Springer,1998.3-16.[15]McDonnellM,PickettS.Ecosystemstructureandfunctionalongurban-ruralgradients:Anunexploitedopportunityforecology.Ecology,1990,71:1232-1237.[16],.1990.,2007,62(2):181-190.[17],,,..,2004,24(9):1973-1978.[18],,,..,2006,25(12):1476-1480.[19]ForesmanT,PickettA,ZippererW.Methodsforspatialandtemporallanduseandlandcoverassessmentforur-banecosystemsandapplicationintheGreaterBaltimore-Chesapeakeregion.UrbanEcosystems,1997,1:201-216.[20],..,2001,12(4):605-609.[21],,,..,2006,(5):47-52.[22]..1.：，2004.[23]RiittersK,O'NeillR,HunsakerC,etal.Afactoranalysisoflandscapepatternandstructuremetrics.LandscapeE-cology,1995,10(1):23-39.[24],,,.:.,2003,23(9)：1832-1840.77328GradientAnalysisandComparisonofLandscapePatternalongDifferentExpansionAxesofTong’anDistrictinXiamenCityHUANGNing1,2,LINTao3,ZHANGWeijie4,CAOYinglan1,2(1.BioengineeringCollege,JimeiUniversity,Xiamen361021,China；2.InstituteofEnvironmentalEngineering,JimeiUniversity,Xiamen361021,China；3.InstituteofUrbanEnvironment,CAS,Xiamen361003,China；4.StateKeyLaboratoryofMarineEnvironmentalScience,EnvironmentalScienceResearchCenterofXiamenUniversity,Xiamen361005,China)Abstract:Studyonchangesoflandscapepatterngradientalongurbanexpansionaxisandtheirdriversisanidealwaytounderstandtheurbanizationprocessandmechanismthataffectlandscapedynamics.Tong’anDistrictofXiamenhasexpandedobviouslyalongTongjiRoadtoJimeiDistrictandthe324NationalRoadtoXiang’anDistrictindecades.Combininggradientanalysiswithlandscapepatternmetrics,weanalyzedthechangesoflandscapepatterngradientsalongTongjiRoadwitha12-kmlongand3-kmwidetransectandalongthe324NationalRoadwitha9-kmlongand3-kmwidetransect,byusingmovingwindowtechnique,andmadecomparisonsbetweenthem.Theresultsshowedthat,atclass-level,mostlandscapemetricsalongTongjiRoadweresignificantlyinfluencedbyurbanizationprocess,whilethosealongthe324NationalRoadwerenot.Atlandscape-level,urbanizationalongTongjiRoadresultedinincreasesinlandscapeshapecomplexityandfragmentation,butdecreasesinlandscapediversity.Theuniformlycoexistentpatternofthediverselandscapeswasconvertedtoanurbanlandscapedominantpattern.However,alongthe324NationalRoad,urbanizationdidnotobviouslyaffectlandscapeshapecomplexityandfragmentation,butincreasedlandscapediversity.Thecultivatedlandscapedominantpatternwasconvertedtoadiverselandscapeuniformlycoexistentpattern.Urbanizationlevelwasthekeyfactorthatledtothechangesindifferencebetweenthetwourbanexpansionaxes.ResultsshowedthaturbanizationlevelalongTongjiRoadwasintermediatebutthatwasprimary