再论外语专业学生的思辨能力-缺席-还是-在-省略-培养纳入外语专业教育过程-以英

10FLCJan.2013Vol.10No.1(GeneralSerialNo.51)11“”“”“”AndersonetalPaul&ElderH319A1672-9382(2013)01-0010-0811201311015122“”“”11.2.3.4.5.6.1.4442.443.444.445.446.447.448.449.4410.4411.4412.44“444444444444444”1Bloom,1956Andersonetal,200112FLCJan.2013Vol.10No.1(GeneralSerialNo.51)“44”“44”“44444”“444”“444”2444444444444444433“”132013110151“”“”“”“”14FLCJan.2013Vol.10No.1(GeneralSerialNo.51)“”44“”“”“”“”“”55152013110151“”Clarity():DoIneedtoelaborateonthisorisanexampleneeded?Accuracy():DoIneedtocheckonthis?HowdoIverifyortestthat?Precision():CanIbemorespecificandexact?ShouldIgivemoredetails?Relevance():Howdoesthisrelatetotheproblemconcerned?Howdoesthishelpmewiththeissue?Depth():Whatfactorsmakethisdifficult?Whataresomeofthecomplexitiesofthisquestion?Breadth():DoIneedtolookatthisfromanotherperspective?Logic():Doesallthismakesensetogether?Doesmyfirstparagraphfitinwiththelastone?IswhatIsayfollowedbycredibleevidence?Significance():Isthisaveryimportantproblemtoconsider?Isthisthecentralideatofocuson?Whichofthesefactsaremostimportant?Sufficiency():HaveIsaidenoughaboutthispoint?Isthereanythingimportantmissinghere?Fairness():Ismythinkingjustifiableincontext?AmItakingintoaccountthethinkingofothers?AmIdistortingtheconceptstogetwhatIwant?Questionsaboutthequestion:Whatisthepointofthisquestion?WhydoIthinkthisisimportant?Howdoesitapplytootheraspectsofeverydaylife?“”“”Hasthespeakerclearlystatedhis/herpurposeandproblemdiscussed?Hasthespeakergivenanaccuratedefinitionandjustifiableexplanationtothekeytermraised?Isthereanydistortionthere?Hasthespeakerestablishedhis/hercredibility?16FLCJan.2013Vol.10No.1(GeneralSerialNo.51)Arethespeaker’sargumentssupportedbysufficientstatistics,examplesortestimonies?Aretheyfromcrediblesources?Isthereanalternativeintermsofpositionsandviewpoints?Hasthespeakermadefrequentuseofemotivelanguage?HaveIspottedanylogicalfallacies?Whataretheconsequencesofthespeaker’sassumption?HowdoeswhatthespeakersaysrelatetowhatI’velearnedbefore?AmIpartiallyortotallypersuadedornotpersuadedatallandwhy?“”66,“”“”criticalthinking(CT)(2008,2009)“”,“”“”,“”,CT,“”CTskills,,,,“/”“”,,“”“”,,CTskills“”,CT“”://louisville.edu/ideastoaction/what/critical-thinking/paul-elder-framework,(delivery),delivery[1]Anderson,IW.,Krathwohl,D.R.&Bloom,B.S.(eds.)ATaxonomyforLearning,TeachingandAssessing:ARevisionofBloom’sTaxonomyofEducationalObjectives:CompleteEdition[C].NewYork:Longman,2001.[2]Atkinson,D.AcriticalapproachtocriticalthinkinginTESOL[J].TESOLQuarterly,1997,31(1):71-94.[3]Bloom,B.S.TaxonomyofEducationalObjectives,HandbookI:TheCognitiveDomain[M].NewYork:DavidMckayCo.,Inc.1956.[4]Durkin,K.TheadaptationofEastAsianmastersstudentstowesternnormsofcriticalthinkingandargumentationintheUK[J].InterculturalEducation,2008,19(1):15-27.[5]Erwin,D.&Sebrell,K.Assessmentofcriticalthinking:TES’stasksincriticalthinking[J].TheJournalofGeneralEducation,Vol.52,2003(1):50-70.[6]Facione,Peter.DelphiReport[OL].[7]Freire,P.Thebankingconceptofeducation.InBartholomae&Petrosky,eds.WaysofReading[C].NewYork:St.Martin,1993:206-219.172013110151[8]Lucas,StephenE.TheArtofPublicSpeaking(10thed)[M].NewYork:McGrawHill,2008.[9]Lun,V.,Fischer,R.&WardC.Exploringculturaldifferencesincriticalthinking:isitaboutmythinkingstyleorthelanguageIspeak?[J].LearningandIndividualDifference,2010(20):604-616[10]Nisbett,R.E.,Peng,K.,Choi,I.,&Norenzayan,A.Cultureandsystemsofthought:Holisticversusanalyticcognition[J].PsychologicalReview,2001,108(2),291-310.[11]Paul,R.&Elder,I.TheMiniatureGuidetoCriticalThinking:ConceptsandTools[M].DillonBeach,CA:FoundationforCriticalThinking,2001.[12]Paul,R.&Elder,I.CriticalThinking:LearntheToolstheBestThinkersUse[M].NewJersey:PearsonPrenticeHall,2006.[13]Paton,M.IscriticalthinkingforeigntoChinesestudents?[A].InE.Manalo,&G.Wong-Toi(eds.),CommunicationSkillsinUniversityEducation:TheInternationalDimension[C].Aukland,NewZealand:PearsonEducationNewZealand,2005:1-11.[14]Peng,K.&Nisbett,R.E.Culture,dialectics,andreasoningaboutcontradiction[J].AmericanPsychologist,1999(54):741-754.[15]Peng,K.&Nisbett,R.E.Dialecticalresponsestoquestionsaboutdialecticalthinking[J].AmericanPsychologist,2000(55):1067-1068.[16]Robertson,M.,Line,M.,Jones,S.&Thomas,S.Internationalstudents,learningenvironmentsandperceptions:AcasestudyusingtheDelphiTechnique[J].HigherEducationResearch&Development,2000,19(1):89-102.[17].“”[J].,2010(1):11-16[18].()[M].:,2010.[19].[M].:,2003.[20].[J].,2006(5):35-42.[21].[J].,2007(5):88-90.[22].[M].:,2008.[23].[J].,2007(6):66-70.[24]“”.[J].,2001(5):9-15.[25].,[J].,2011(3):49-58.[26].[J].,2006(5):76-80.[27].[J].,2008(10):29-34.[28].[J].,2009(1):37-43.[29].[J].,2010(5):350-355.[30].[Z].:,2005.RevisitingForeignLanguageMajors’CriticalThinkingSkills—ACaseStudyofEnglishPublicSpeakingCourseAbstract:TherehavebeenconstantcriticismsofChineseuniversitystudents’criticalthinking(CT)capacityinthehighereducationcircleofChinaandbeyond,namely,whiletheCTskillsofChineseuniv