外文文献枸杞优势等

ConstructionandAnalysisontheSourceModelofCompetitiveAdvantageofNingxiaWolfberryIndustrialClusterJingE*SchoolofBusinessNorthUniversityforNationalitiesYinchuan750021,ChinaAbstract—Relatedliteraturesaboutthesourceofclustercompetitiveadvantagearereviewed.Atotalofsixsourcingfactorsofclustercompetitiveadvantagesaresummarized,whicharetheexternalscaleeconomyandscopeeconomy,theregionalresources,thegovernmentfunction,thereductionoftransactioncost,theeffectoflearningandinnovation,andthecoordinationmechanismofcluster.DevelopmentstatusofwolfberryindustrialclusterinNingxiaHuiAutonomousRegionofChinaisstudiedbyusinginterview,questionnaireandotherforms.Existingproblemsareputforward,includingtherelativelysmallprocessingandmarketingenterprisesingeneral,unclearproductpositioningofenterpriseandpoortransformationability,insufficientbrandpropagandaandlackofasoundmarketingnetwork,singleinvestmentandfinancingchannelforsmallandmedium-sizedenterprises,andpoorplantingorganizationofpeasanthousehold.FunctionsofsourcingfactorsofcompetitiveadvantageinNingxiawolfberryindustrialclusterattheformationandgrowthstagesareanalyzed,suchasregionalresources,governmentfunction,andscaleandscopeeconomy.SourcemodelofcompetitiveadvantageofNingxiawolfberryindustrialclusterisconstructedandcomparedwiththeevolutionmodelofcompetitiveadvantageofsmallandmedium-sizedenterprisesinChina.Resultshowsthattherearesignificantdifferencesbetweenthetwoduetotheirbuildingfoundations.Keywords-Industrialcluster;Scaleeconomy;Ningxiawolfberry;Competitiveadvantage;ChinaAtpresent,theoreticalstudyonclustersofsmallandmediumenterprises(SME)isalreadymature.Buttherearefewliteraturesonhowtoapplytheexistingtheoreticalandempiricalresultsinguidingtheindustriesattheinitialstageofclusterdevelopment.Thiskindofappliedresearchcanspeeduptheformationoftheregionalenterpriseclusters,avoidthewasteofresourcesduringspontaneousformation,andhasimportantsignificancetoenhancethecompetitivenessoftheclusterbydevelopingreasonableandeffectivepolicymeasures.Inthispaper,statusofNingxiawolfberryindustryisanalyzedbyusinginterviews,questionnairesandotherforms.SourcemodelofthecompetitiveadvantageofNingxiawolfberryindustrialclusterisconstructedbycombiningwiththeregionaldifferencesofNingxiaHuiAutonomousRegionofChina,inordertoimprovethecompetitiveadvantageofNingxiawolfberryindustrialcluster,andtoofferreferencesforthecompetitivenessimprovementofwolfberryindustrialcluster.I.SUMMARYOFRELATEDTHEORIESTherearealotofexpressionsforenterpriseclustersintheoreticalcircles.MichaelE.Porter,inhisbookTheCompetitiveAdvantageofNations,pointsoutthatenterpriseclusterreferstogeographicaggregationofcorrelativecompany,specializedsupplier,serviceproviderandrelatedindustriescompany,governmentandotherrelevantagencieswithinthespecificareaofbothcompetitionandcooperation[1].Attheendofthe20thcentury,phenomenonofSMEclusterhasarousedtheconcernofanumberoftheoreticalresearchers.TakingtheExternalEconomicTheorybyMarshalasastartingpoint,relatedtheoriesaboutclusterisincreasinglyenrichedandtheresearchfocusisalsochanged,developingfromagglomerationeconomicstheorytoindustriallocationtheory,fromgrowthpoletheorytotheneweconomicgeographytheory,andfromnewcompetitiveadvantagetheorytonewindustrialdistricttheory.Allthesetheorieshavementionedthesourceofclustercompetitiveadvantage.Literaturescanbeclassifiedintosixsourcingfactorsafteranalysis(Tableĉ)Sourceofclustercompetitiveadvantageisnotalwayschangeless.Itvarieswiththeevolutionofthecluster.Porterarguesthatevaluationofenterpriseclustercanbedividedintofourstepsofgermination,development,declineandupgrading.Certainhistoricalbackgroundoropportunitymaycreatesomefavorablefactorstopromotetheformationofenterprisecluster.Onceitformed,therewouldbeanevaluationofself-strengtheningmechanism.Someendogenousorexogenousadversefactorswillcauseagradualdeclineofenterprisecluster.Upgradingreferstotheself-renewalofenterpriseclustermovingtowardsahigherlevelinordertogetridoftheoriginaldevelopmentpath.Klinkdividestheevolutionofclusterintodevelopment,expansion,maturityandtransitionwiththeoreticalstatementsandcasestudiesindetail.Tichybelievesthattheevolutionofclusterhasfourstagesofproduction,growth,maturityanddeclineaccordingtothe[1].978-1-4244-8694-6/11/$26.00©2011IEEEtheoryofproductlifecycle.BasedontheclassificationmethodofZhuXiaobin,awell-knownscholarineconomicsinChina,thispaperdividesclusterevaluationintoformation,growth,maturityandalternation.StageofwolfberryindustrialclusterinChinaisanalyzed,aswellasthemajorsourceofclustercompetitiveadvantageateachstage.SourcingfactorRepresentativeresearcherMainpointExternalscaleeconomyandscopeeconomyRegionalresourceGovernmentfunctionReductionoftransactioncostEffectsoflearningandinnovationCoordinationmechanismofclusterMarshall(1890)Weber(1909)Krugman(1991)Echeverri-carroll(1998)Weber(1909)Porter(1990)Yamawaki(2002)Porter(2000)Yamawaki(2002)Williamson(1975)Storper(1989)Larson(1992)Echeverri-carroll(1998)Porter(2002)Klink(1999)Echeverri-carroll(1998)Jones(1997)Klink(2001)Echeverri-carroll(1998)Theaimofind