外文文献枸杞优势等

1、ConstructionandAnalysisontheSourceModelofCompetitiveAdvantageofNingxiaWolfberryIndustrialClusterJingE*SchoolofBusinessNorthUniversityforNationalitiesYinchuan750021,ChinaAbstract—Relatedliteraturesaboutthesourceofclustercompetitiveadvantagearereviewed.Atotalofsixsourcingfactorsofclustercompetitiveadvantagesaresummarized,whicharetheexternalscaleeconomyandscopeeconomy,theregionalresources,thegovernmentfunction,thereductionoftransactioncost,theeffectoflearningandinnovation,andthecoordinationmechani。

2、smofcluster.DevelopmentstatusofwolfberryindustrialclusterinNingxiaHuiAutonomousRegionofChinaisstudiedbyusinginterview,questionnaireandotherforms.Existingproblemsareputforward,includingtherelativelysmallprocessingandmarketingenterprisesingeneral,unclearproductpositioningofenterpriseandpoortransformationability,insufficientbrandpropagandaandlackofasoundmarketingnetwork,singleinvestmentandfinancingchannelforsmallandmedium-sizedenterprises,andpoorplantingorganizationofpeasanthousehold.Functionsofsou。

3、rcingfactorsofcompetitiveadvantageinNingxiawolfberryindustrialclusterattheformationandgrowthstagesareanalyzed,suchasregionalresources,governmentfunction,andscaleandscopeeconomy.SourcemodelofcompetitiveadvantageofNingxiawolfberryindustrialclusterisconstructedandcomparedwiththeevolutionmodelofcompetitiveadvantageofsmallandmedium-sizedenterprisesinChina.Resultshowsthattherearesignificantdifferencesbetweenthetwoduetotheirbuildingfoundations.Keywords-Industrialcluster;Scaleeconomy;Ningxiawolfberry;Co。

4、mpetitiveadvantage;ChinaAtpresent,theoreticalstudyonclustersofsmallandmediumenterprises(SME)isalreadymature.Buttherearefewliteraturesonhowtoapplytheexistingtheoreticalandempiricalresultsinguidingtheindustriesattheinitialstageofclusterdevelopment.Thiskindofappliedresearchcanspeeduptheformationoftheregionalenterpriseclusters,avoidthewasteofresourcesduringspontaneousformation,andhasimportantsignificancetoenhancethecompetitivenessoftheclusterbydevelopingreasonableandeffectivepolicymeasures.Inthispap。

5、er,statusofNingxiawolfberryindustryisanalyzedbyusinginterviews,questionnairesandotherforms.SourcemodelofthecompetitiveadvantageofNingxiawolfberryindustrialclusterisconstructedbycombiningwiththeregionaldifferencesofNingxiaHuiAutonomousRegionofChina,inordertoimprovethecompetitiveadvantageofNingxiawolfberryindustrialcluster,andtoofferreferencesforthecompetitivenessimprovementofwolfberryindustrialcluster.I.SUMMARYOFRELATEDTHEORIESTherearealotofexpressionsforenterpriseclustersintheoreticalcircles.Mic。

6、haelE.Porter,inhisbookTheCompetitiveAdvantageofNations,pointsoutthatenterpriseclusterreferstogeographicaggregationofcorrelativecompany,specializedsupplier,serviceproviderandrelatedindustriescompany,governmentandotherrelevantagencieswithinthespecificareaofbothcompetitionandcooperation[1].Attheendofthe20thcentury,phenomenonofSMEclusterhasarousedtheconcernofanumberoftheoreticalresearchers.TakingtheExternalEconomicTheorybyMarshalasastartingpoint,relatedtheoriesaboutclusterisincreasinglyenrichedandth。

7、eresearchfocusisalsochanged,developingfromagglomerationeconomicstheorytoindustriallocationtheory,fromgrowthpoletheorytotheneweconomicgeographytheory,andfromnewcompetitiveadvantagetheorytonewindustrialdistricttheory.Allthesetheorieshavementionedthesourceofclustercompetitiveadvantage.Literaturescanbeclassifiedintosixsourcingfactorsafteranalysis(Tableĉ)Sourceofclustercompetitiveadvantageisnotalwayschangeless.Itvarieswiththeevolutionofthecluster.Porterarguesthatevaluationofenterpriseclustercanbedivi。

8、dedintofourstepsofgermination,development,declineandupgrading.Certainhistoricalbackgroundoropportunitymaycreatesomefavorablefactorstopromotetheformationofenterprisecluster.Onceitformed,therewouldbeanevaluationofself-strengtheningmechanism.Someendogenousorexogenousadversefactorswillcauseagradualdeclineofenterprisecluster.Upgradingreferstotheself-renewalofenterpriseclustermovingtowardsahigherlevelinordertogetridoftheoriginaldevelopmentpath.Klinkdividestheevolutionofclusterintodevelopment,expansion。

9、,maturityandtransitionwiththeoreticalstatementsandcasestudiesindetail.Tichybelievesthattheevolutionofclusterhasfourstagesofproduction,growth,maturityanddeclineaccordingtothe[1].978-1-4244-8694-6/11/$26.00©2011IEEEtheoryofproductlifecycle.BasedontheclassificationmethodofZhuXiaobin,awell-knownscholarineconomicsinChina,thispaperdividesclusterevaluationintoformation,growth,maturityandalternation.StageofwolfberryindustrialclusterinChinaisanalyzed,aswellasthemajorsourceofclustercompetitiveadvantageate。

10、achstage.SourcingfactorRepresentativeresearcherMainpointExternalscaleeconomyandscopeeconomyRegionalresourceGovernmentfunctionReductionoftransactioncostEffectsoflearningandinnovationCoordinationmechanismofclusterMarshall(1890)Weber(1909)Krugman(1991)Echeverri-carroll(1998)Weber(1909)Porter(1990)Yamawaki(2002)Porter(2000)Yamawaki(2002)Williamson(1975)Storper(1989)Larson(1992)Echeverri-carroll(1998)Porter(2002)Klink(1999)Echeverri-carroll(1998)Jones(1997)Klink(2001)Echeverri-carroll(1998)Theaimofind。