2020届高考英语概要写作技巧讲解

第1页共11页高考英语概要写作技巧讲解一、考点分析（一）考查内容：1、考查读懂文章内容的能力2、考查识别作者写作目的的能力3、考查归纳总结的能力4、考查组织文章的能力（二）评分要点•1）字数50左右•2）理解准确，涵盖全部要点•3）准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇•4）完全使用自己的语言•5）有效使用语句间的连接成分，结构紧凑二、专题详解定义：Itisabrief,thoroughandobjectiverestatementofthemainideaandkeypointsofalongercomposition.读者在正确理解文章的基础上,在不改变原文中心思想、体裁和结构的前提下，用简明、精练的语句高度浓缩文章的主要内容和观点。第2页共11页（三）写作方法Step1.确定体裁，明确主题Step2.明确文章结构（总-分，总-分-总，分-总，并列）Step3.划主题句与关键信息Step4.写纲要，打草稿Step5.润色成文找准体裁，提炼要点按体裁①保留关键句要点，按体裁和内容②删除细节（删除具体例子，或归纳总结例子的过程、作用和结果），避免重复记叙文，主要信息应包括：When?Where?Who?What?Why?How(时间先后顺序/事情发展顺序)?Result议论文，作者的观点。作者如何论证自己的观点的(举例证明的，归纳总结例证的内容和作用)结构①：原文【总-分/总-分-总（末段与首段观点相同）】→【总-分】结构②：原文【总-分-总（末段与首段观点相反）】→【总-分-总（加衔接词表转折关系）】结构③：原文【并列结构（段与段的观点并列、递进或相反）→【并列结构（加衔接词表并列/转折逻辑关系）】说明文：【解释一个理论】那么这个理论的特点和实际用途是什么？【解释一项实验等】实验的目的、对象、结果分别是什么？第3页共11页语言：同义词&词组替换；句式简化；句子重构①同义转换：近义词、同义词和词组的替换，尽量用单词替换短语（例improve=promote,ofgreatimportance=greatlyimportant）②句式转换：简化句子结构（例如，定语从句改成分词作后置定语；状语从句改成非谓语作状语；）③句子重构：调整词类（名词、动词、形容词转换）、时态、语态（主动变被动）等1)衔接（替换；省略；增加）：表逻辑关系的连接词替换：并列关系and,moreover,furthermore,inaddition,转折关系but,instead,however,ontheotherhand省略：并列观点有时可省略连接词;记叙文可省略衔接词。增加：按逻辑关系，补充连接词firstly…,secondly…,finally…;and…,moreover…,furthermore…;but,instead,however,例（一）Chrisisnotatraditionalexplorer(探险者).Yethisjobcansometimesbejustasexcitinganddangerousasbeinganexplorer.ChrisworksforMSF,anorganizationalsoknownasDoctorsWithoutBorders(无国界医生).MSFsendstraineddoctorsallovertheworldtohelppeopleafterawaroradisaster.ChrisisadoctorfromFrancewhohastravelledtomanyplatestoorganizeprogramsthathelppeople.体裁：记叙文Who,What–hisjob第4页共11页Atthemoment,thereare27,000trainedmedicalstafftakingpartinMSFtasks.TheorganizationreceivedtheNobelPeacePrize.AllkindsofdoctorscanvolunteerforMSF.Theyneedtobepreparedtogoalmostanywhereintheworldandofcoursedoctorswithexperienceintropical(热带)diseasesareespeciallyusefulbecausemostofMSF’sworkisinAfrica.Whendoctorscompletedafewtasks,theymightbesentonanemergencytaskfollowingadisastersuchasanearthquake.ButwhywouldadoctorleaveacomfortablelifeandagoodsalarytojoinMSF?AccordingtoChris,theexperienceyougainisagreathelpinyourcareer.Besides,justliketheexplorersofthepast,youneedtokeepanopenmindandlearntomixwellwiththepeopleyoumeet.Mostimportantly,attheendofeachtask,youhavemadearealdifferencetopeople’slives.What,whereWhy:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第5页共11页____________________________________________________________Summary:Chris,whosejobisexcitinganddangerous,worksforMFS.ChrisandotherMFS’sdoctorsneedtobereadytogoalmostanywhereintheworldandmightbesentonanemergencytask.Christthinkshisjobismeaningful/helpfulandhegainsalot.（同义词转换）Peoplewholiveinthecountrysidegenerallylivelongerthanthosewholiveinthecity.Anumberofreasonsmayhelpexplainthispoint.Tostartwith,farmersareinclosecontactwithnature.Theybreathefreshair.Theymakefriendswithtreesandstones,cowsanddogs.Theylistentothesongsofbirds.Theyfightwithstrongwinds.Thiscontactwithnatureisgoodforthehealthofbothbodyandspirit.Next,hardphysicalworkkeepsfarmersfitandhealthy.Itiswidelybelievedthatfarmerssufferfromfarlessdiseasesthanpeopleinthecity.Therearemanydiseasesthatarecommoninthecity,butnotinthecountryside.Forexample,near-sightednessisalmostunknowntofarmers.Besides,beingfreefromurbanpressuredoesgoodtothehealthoffarmers.Moreover,becausetherearelesscars,motorcarsandotherkindsofvehiclesinthecountryside,onecanwalkmorefreelywithoutbeingafraidofaccidents.Theenvironmentisbetterinthecountryside,whichmakesthefarmersliveaquietandpeacefullife.Thefarmerscanalsogetfreshgrain,vegetables,fruitsandmilkeasily.Theyenjoytheseadvantagesthatpeoplelivinginthecitycannot.体裁：议论文结构：总分作者观点：论点①论点②论点③论点④论点⑤第6页共11页总结句，呼应观点Summary：Peoplefromcountrysidegenerallylivelongerthancitypeoplebecausetheyenjoymanyadvantagessuchasclosewithnature,physicalwork,beingfreefromurbanpressure,morefreewalk,quietandpeacefulenvironment,freshfood,etc.（句式改变）Farmersusedifferentkindsofsoilconservationmethodstoprotecttheirlandfromdamagebyfarmingandtheforcesofnature.Oneimportantformofsoilconservationistheuseofwindbreaks(防风林).Windbreaksarebarriersformedbytreesandotherplantswithmanyleaves.Farmersplanttheminlinesaroundtheirfields.Windbreaksstopthewindfromblowingsoilaway.Theyalsokeepthewindfromdestroyingordamagingcrops.Theyareveryimportantforgrowinggrains,suchaswheat.TherehavebeenstudiesdoneonwindbreaksinpartsofWestAfrica.Itisfoundthatgrainharvestscanbe20%higherinfieldsprotectedbywindbreakscomparedtofieldswithoutsuchprotection.However,windbreaksseemtoworkbestwhentheyallowalittlewindtopassthrough.Ifthewalloftreesandplantsstopswindcompletely,thenviolentairmovementswilltakeplaceclosetotheground.Thesemovementswillliftsoilintotheairwhereitwillbeblownaway.Forthisreason,awindbreakisbestifithasonly60%to80%ofthetreesandplantsneededtoformasolidline.Aneasyroletorememberisthatwindbreakscanprotectareasuptotentimestheheightofthetallesttreesinthewindbreak