北京林业大学考博英语模拟试题及其解析

ⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Mostpeoplewhotravellongdistancecomplainofjetlag.Jetlagmakesbusinesstravelerslessproductiveandmoreprone1makingmistakes.Itisactuallycausedby2ofyourbodyclock—asmallclusterofbraincellsthatcontrolsthetimingofbiological3.Thebodyclockisdesignedfora4rhythmofdaylightanddarkness,sothatitisthrownoutofbalancewhenit5daylightanddarknessatthewrongtimesinanewtimezone.The6ofjetlagoftenpersistfordays7theinternalbodyclockslowlyadjuststothenewtimezone.Nowanewanti-jetlagsystemis8thatisbasedonproven9pioneeringscientificresearch.Dr.MartinMooreEdehad10aGengduoyuanxiaowanzhengkaoboyingyuzhentijiqijiexiqinglianxiquanguomianfeizixundianhua:silinglingliuliubaliujiuqiba,huojiazixunqq:qiqierliuqibawusanqipracticalstrategytoadjustthebodyclockmuchsoonertothenewtimezone11controlledexposuretobrightlight.Thetimezoneshiftiseasytoaccomplishandeliminates12ofthediscomfortofjetlag.Asuccessfultimezoneshiftdependsonknowingtheexacttimestoeither13oravoidbrightlight.Exposuretolightatthewrongtimecanactuallymakejetlagworse.Theproperschedule14light’ssleep16areusedtoproduceaTripGuidewith17onexactlywhentobeexposedtobrightlight.WhentheTripGuidecalls18brightlightyoushouldspendtimeoutdoorsifpossible.Ifitisdarkoutside,ortheweatherisbad,19youareonanaeroplane,youcanuseaspeciallightdevicetoprovidethenecessarylight20forarangeofactivitiessuchasreading,watchingTVorworking.1.A.fromB.ofC.forD.to2.A.eruptionB.disruptionC.ruptureD.corruption3.A.actionsB.functionsC.behaviorD.reflection4.A.formalB.continualC.regularD.circular5.A.experiencesB.possessesC.encountersD.retains6.A.signsB.defectsC.diseasesD.symptoms7.A.ifB.whereasC.whileD.although8.A.agreeableB.availableC.adaptableD.approachable9.A.extensiveB.tentativeC.broadD.inclusive10.A.devisedB.scrutinizedC.visualizedD.recognized11.A.inB.asC.atD.through12.A.moreB.littleC.mostD.leastⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text1Anthropologistscommonlydistinguishthreeformsofmarriage:monogamy,themarriageofonemantoonewoman,polygyny,themarriageofonemantotwoormorewomen,andpolyandry,themarriageofonewomantotwoormoremen.Polygynyandpolyandryareoftenlinkedunderthesingletermpolygamy,amarriageofoneindividualtotwoormorespouses.Thoughtherearemanysocietieswhichpermit,orevenencourage,polygamousmarriages,itdoesnotfollow,insuchsocieties,that:theproportionofmaletofemalebirthsinanyhumansocietyisroughlythesame,andifthisproportionismaintainedamongthesexuallymature,apreponderanceofpluralmarriagesmeansthataconsiderablenumberofeithermenorwomenmustremainunmarried.Nosocietycanmaintainitselfundersuchconditions;theemotionalstresseswouldbetoogreattobesurvived.Accordingly,evenwheretheculturalidealsdonotprohibitpluralmarriages,thesemayoccuronanynotablescaleonlysocietieswhereforonereasonoranother,onesexmarkedlyoutnumberstheother.Inshort,monogamynotonlyprevailsinmostoftheworld’ssocieties,eitherastheonlyapprovedformofmarriageorastheonlyfeasibleform,butitmayalsoprevailwithinapolygamoussocietywhere,veryoften,onlyaminorityofthepopulationcanactuallysecuremorethanonespouse.Inapolygynoushousehold,thehusbandmustsupplyahouseandgardenforeachofhiswives.Thewiveslivewithhiminturn,cookingandservingforhimduringtheperiodofhisvisit.Thefirstwifetakesprecedenceovertheothers.Polyandryismuchrarerthanpolygyny.Itisoftentheresultofadisproportionintheratioofmentowomen.Insum,polygamyisnot,assofrequentlyindicated,universally