硝化动力学研究进展

33820088ENVIRONMENTALSCIENCEANDMANAGEMENTVol.33No.8Aug.2008:2008-03-26:;:(1980-),,,,:、。::1673-1212(2008)08-0047-04祖波1,祖建2(1.,400074;2.,610500)　:硝化反应包括NH+4氧化为NO-2和NO-2氧化为NO-3两步,其中NH+4到NO-2的氧化不是唯一的限制步骤;已发现叠氮化钠(NaN3)能有效的抑制亚硝酸盐氧化;丙烯基硫脲(ATU)抑制氨氧化反应。用呼吸仪的综合参数———细菌最大氧吸收速率(OURmax/X)来描绘好氧氨氧化菌和亚硝酸盐氧化菌的比生长速率具有准确性和唯一性,并得到了较多学者一致认可。浓度较高的氨氮和亚硝态氮分别抑制氨氧化反应和亚硝酸盐氧化反应,用抑制性动力学方程来分别描述高浓度氨氮浓度和亚硝态氮浓度对氨氧化反应和亚硝酸盐氧化反应的影响;对比氨氧化动力学和亚硝酸盐氧化动力学参数值与一步硝化动力学参数值可以看出,参数值差异较大;因此,要准确地描述NH+4氧化为NO-3的动力学模型,必须将氨氧化与亚硝酸盐氧化反应独立出来,将NH+4氧化为NO-2和NO-2氧化为NO-3这两步综合在一个反应动力学公式里是错误的。:氨氧化;亚硝酸盐氧化;动力学;抑制性:X703:AKineticStudyofNitrificationZuBo1,ZuJian2(1.SchoolofRiverandOceanEngineering,ChongqingJiaotongUniversity,Chongqing400074,China;2.SchoolofSciences,SouthwestPetroleumUniversity,Chengdu610500,China)Abstract:Nitrificationinvolvesthesequentialbiologicaloxidationofreducednitrogenspeciessuchasammonium-nitrogen(NH+4)tonitrite-nitrogen(NO-2)andnitrate-nitrogen(NO-3),andNH+4toNO-2oxidationwasnotthesolerate-limitingstep.IthasbeenfoundthatAzide(NaN3)couldinhibitNO-2toNO-3oxidationandAllylthiourea(ATU)couldinhibitNH+4toNO-2oxidation.Alostofresearchersthoughtthatonlytheparametercombinationrepresentingmaximumspecificoxygenuptakerate(OURmax/X)isuniquelyidentifiablefrombatchrespirogramsforthemaximumspecificgrowthratecoefficientofautotrophicaerobicammoniaoxidationbacteriaandnitriteoxidationbacteria.Highammoniumnitrogenandnitritenitrogencouldinhibitammoniumoxi-dationandnitriteoxidation,respectively.Theeffectofhighammoniumnitrogenandnitritenitrogentoammoniumoxidationandni-triteoxidationcanbedescribedbyinhibitionsmodel,respectively.Comparedthekineticparametersofammoniumoxidationandni-triteoxidationwiththekineticparametersofnitrification,thedifferencewasbig.Therefore,theadequacyofmodelingNH+4toNO-3oxidationasonecompositebiochemicalreactionwasexaminedatdifferentrelativedynamicsofNH+4toNO-2andNO-2toNO-3oxidation.Theuseofsingle-stepmodelstodescribebatchNH+4toNO-3xidationyieldserroneouskineticparameters.Keywords:ammoniumoxidation;nitriteoxidation;kinetics;inhibit　　,(NaN3)[1-3];(ATU)[4,5]。[6],[3,5]。NH+4NO-2NO-2NO-3[3]。,。1　,(COD)COD;·47·33820088·Vol.33No.8Aug.2008[7]:f=So-OUfSo(1):So———(mgCOD/L);OUf———(mgO2/L);f———(mgCOD/mgCOD)[8]。,(fns)CODCOD[9]。,(1)fns(1)。1　NH+4-NNO-2-N、[6]C5H7O2N,iNOD/COD,0.3mgNOD/mgXCOD[6]:iNOD/COD=[14mgN×3.43((mgNOD)/(mgN))]/[5×32((mgXCOD)/(mgX))]=0.3mgNOD/mgCOD。,NH+4-N(Snh,o)(OUns,f),[6]:Snh,oOUns,f=1+0.3fns1-fns(2):Snh,o———NH+4-N(mgNOD/L);OUns,f———(mgO2/L);fns———(mgCOD/mgNOD)。(2)fns[6]:fns=(Snh,o-OUns,f)(Sns,o+0.3OUns,f)(3)2　2NO-2-N(N+Ⅲ)1mgNODNO-3-N(N+Ⅴ),(1/8)meq。NH+4-N,fS,nb/8meqfS,nbmgXnbCOD,(1-fS,nb)/8meq(1-fS,nb)mgO2。NO-2-NNO-3-N,NH+4-N[6],:SNO2,oOUnb,f=1(1-fS,nb)(4)fS,nb=(SNO2,o-OUnb,f)SNO2,o(5)2　NO-2-NNO-3-N、[6,10]3　(μmax)(qmax),,,qmax。,。,,,[3]。(μmax)[3]。Monod(μmax)(KS),———(OURmax/X)μmax[6]。,NH+4NO-2、NO-2NO-3、NH+4NO-3μmax,OURmax[6]:μmax=fS(1-fS)×OURmaxX(6)·48·33820088·Vol.33No.8Aug.2008:OURmax,ns———,mgO2/(L·h);fs———(mgCOD/mgNOD)。X———,mgCOD/L。4　,。JulianCarrera[11]SBS(suspendedbiomasssystem)IBS(immobi-lizedbiomasssystem)。,Ai-ba:r=rmaxSKS+Sexp-SKIA(7)SBSIBS,Haldance:r=rmaxSKS+S+S2/KIH(8):r———(gN/(m3min));rmax———(gN/(m3min));S———(gN/m3);KS———(gN/m3);KIH———(gN/m3);KIA———Aiba(gN/m3)。ShabbirH.Gheewala[12],:Rvf=Kvf×SvfKS+Svf+(SvfAvf/Ki)×DOvfKs,o+DOvf×[1-0.08337.2-pH](9):Ks———(M/L3);DOvf———(M/L3);Ks,o———(M/L3);Kvf———(M/(L3T));Svf———(M/L3);Avf———(M/L3);Ki———(M/L3)。[13]:v=vmaxSS+KS+S/Kis(10)()。:S———;vmax———;Kis———;Ks———。5　ChandranK[3]NH+4NO-3,NaN3NO-2:NaN3(μM)0、0.240.48,qmax,nb(mgNOD/(mgCOD·h))0.36±0.01、0.25±0.020.15±0.00;KS,nb(mgNOD/L)0.73±0.1、1.31±0.080.67±0.08。ManserR[14](MBR)(CAS)0.13mg/L±0.05mg/L0.14mg/L±0.1mg/L,NO-2-N0.17mg/L±0.06mg/L0.28mg/L±0.2mg/L;0.17mg/L±0.04mg/L0.79mg/L±0.08mg/L,0.13mg/L±0.06mg/L0.47mg/L±0.04mg/L。[15]Monod8.13mgNH+4-N/(gMLSS·h),1.73mgNH+4-N/L。[16]-1/θ=Y·q-Kd,NH+4-Nq=dN/dt,Y=0.2574mgVSS/mgNH+4-N。Hao[17]:2.4mg/L、0.6mg/L;5.5mg/L、2.2mg/L,0.57mg/(mg·h),1.47mg/(mg·h)。ChandranK24μMNaN3NO-2-N,NH+4NO-2:0.12(/h)2mgNOD/L,ATU,NO-2NO-3:0.2(/h),0.5mgNOD/L,·49·33820088·Vol.33No.8Aug.20080.08±0.05mgCOD/mgNOD,0.07±0.05mgCOD/mgNOD[18]。Ho-JoonYun[19],Monod(KS)0.3mg/L1.1mg/L,,,。《》[20]20℃()1.0gNH+4-N/m3,YA0.24g(COD)/g(N),0.4gO2/m3。[21]0.2119mgCOD/mgNH+4-NOD0.1mgNOD/(mgCOD·h);,24μMNaN3NO-2-N,,18.38mgNOD/L,DO0.494mg/L。,。6　NH+4NO-2NO-2NO-3,NH+4NO-2,NO-2NO-3;,NH+4NO-3,,NH+4NO-2NO-2NO-3。:[1]AleemMIH,SewellDL.MechanismofnitriteoxidationandoxidoreductasesystemsinNitrobacteragilis[J].CurrMicro-biol,1981(5):267-272.[2]GinestetP,AudicJM,UrbainV,etal.Estimationofnitrifyingbacterialactivitiesbymeasuringoxygenuptakeinthepresenceofthemetabolicinhibitorsallylthioureaandazide[J].ApplEnvMic,1998(64):2266-2268.[3]ChandranK,SmetsBF.Single-stepNitrificationMod-elsErroneouslyDescribeBatchAmmoniaOxidationProfileswhenNitriteOxidationBecomesRateLimiting[J].Biotechnolo-gyandBioengineering,2000,68(4):396-406.[4]HooperAB,TerryKR.SpecificinhibitersofammoniaoxidationinNitrosomonas[J].JBacteriol,1973(115):480-485.[5]ManserR,GujerW,SiegristH.Consequencesofmasstransfereffectsonthekineticso