英美概况简答论述题答案

1.whydotouristsfromallovertheworldliketogotoScotland?TheyliketoenjoythebeautifulScottishscenery,todrinkScotchwhiskyandtoseeScotsmenwearingkiltsandplayingbagpipes.2.WhatweretheresultsoftheIndustrialRevolutioninBritain?TheIndustrialRevolutionchangedBritaininmanyways.First,industrialproductivityincreaseddramatically.Britainbecamethemostadvancedindustrialcountryandalsothefinancialcenterintheworld.Second,urbanizationtookplace.Manynewcitiessprangup.Third,itcausedgreatchangesintheclassstructure.Theoldsocialclassesdeclined,andnewonesemergedanddeveloped.3.TheRiseandFalloftheBritishEmpire.ColonizationofNewfoundland,thefirstBritaincolonyoverseas,in1583markedthebeginningoftheBritishEmpire.By1837,BritainhadlongbeenanempirewhichincludedthecoloniesinCanada,Australia,NewZealand,IndiaandmanysmallstatesintheWestIndies.Bytheendofthe19thcentury,theBritainEmpireincludedaquarteroftheglobalpopulationandnearlyaquarteroftheworld’slandmass.Duringthemid-19thcentury,theBritaingovernmentconsolidatedtheexistingcoloniesbybringingthemunderthedirectcontrolofthegovernment.BeforeWorldWarI,Britainhadthelargestcolonialempireintheworld.However,BritainsufferedgreatlosstoitsmanpowerinthetwoWorldWarsandexhausteditsreservesofgold,dollarsandoverseasinvestment.MostofBritain’scoloniesgainedindepependencesincethe1940s,whichinevitablyledtothefalloftheEmpire.4.WhatarethethreefunctionsoftheHouseofCommons?Thethreefunctionsare:todraftlaws,toscrutinize,criticizeandrestraintheactivitiesofthegovernment,andtoinfluencefuturegovernmentpolicy.5.WhatistheCommonwealthofNations?TheCommonwealthofNationsisavoluntaryassociationofindependentsovereignstates,allofwhichacknowledgetheBritishmonarchasthehead.TheCommonwealthisnotapoliticalunionofanysort,anditsmemberstateshavefullautonomytomanagetheirinternalandexternalaffairs.Itisprimarilyanorganizationinwhichcountrieswithdiverseeconomicbackgroundshaveanopportunityforcloseandequalinteractionaftergainingindependence.ThemajoractivitiesoftheCommonwealtharedesignedtoadvocatedemocracy,humanrights,andtopromoteeconomiccooperationandgrowthwithinitsmembers.6.WhatwerethemajorcausesofBritain’srelativeeconomicdeclineinthepostwarperiod?First,BritainsufferedgreatlossesinthetwoWorldWarsandhadgoneheavilyintodebttofinancethewar.Second,theeraoftheBritainEmpirewasover.IndiaandotherBritishcolonies,whichprovidedrawmaterialandlargemarketforBritaingoods,gainedtheirindependence.Third,Britainwasforcedtomaintainanexpensivemilitarypresenceinmanyoverseaslocationsuntiltheendof1960s.Fourth,BritainhadtomakesubstantialfinancialcontributionstoNATOandUNSecurityCouncil.Finally,BritainfailedtoinvestinindustryafterWorldWarIIwhereasitscompetitorslikeGermanyandJapancaughtupwithBritainbyinvestinginthemostmodernequipmentandmeansofproduction.7.whatroledoesthemediaplayinBritainleisureculture?ThemediaplaysanessentialroleinBritainleisureculturesinceithelpstoshapethepublic’sopinion,determinepeople’smoralandpoliticalorientationandconsolidateorunderminetheruleofagovernment.8.whydidAmericachangeitspolicyandenterWorldWarII?TheAmerica’spolicyofneutralitychangedin1940.BecauseoftheformationoftheAxis,theAmericangovernmentfearedthattheAxiscountrieswerewinningthewaranditmightthreatenAmerica’ssecurityandinterests.ItbegantoprovidewarequipmenttotheforeignnationsresistingtheaggressionoftheAxisPowers.TheJapaneseairraidonPearlHarborbecamethedirectcauseforAmerica’sentranceintothewar.9.whatmadetheUnitedStatesapowerfulcountrybytheendofWorldWarII?Duringthetwoworldwars,Americaremainedneutralintheearlystageofthewars.However,Americanscontinuedtheirprofitabletradewiththewarringcountries;therefore,theynotonlyretainedtheirmilitaryforcesbutalsoaccumulatedgreatwealth.WhenAmericaenteredthewars,itwasalmostattheendofthewars.Bysharingthefruitofvictorywithotherallies,Americagreatlystrengtheneditspower,andbecamethemostpowerfulcountrybytheendofWorldWarII.10.whatisthedifferencebetweentheDemocratsandtheRepublicansintermsofpoliticalopinions?TheDemocratswantthegovernmenttoplayanimportantroleintheeconomyandemphasizefullemploymentasamatterofnationalconcern.Theyfavorcivilrightslaws,astrongsocialsecuritysystem,lessrestrictiveabortionlaws,amongothers.TheRepublicansfavoraneconomicsystemwhichgivesenterprisesagreaterfreedomanddemandthatthegovernmentcontrolinflation.Theystresstheneedforlawandorder,andopposecompletegovernmentsocialprogramsandfreechoiceofabortion.Theyalsofavorastrongmilitarypostureandassertivestandininternationalrelations.11.whataretheoriginsofThanksgivingDay?ThanksgivingisassociatedwiththetimewhenEuropeansfirstcametotheNewWorld.In1620,theMayflowerarrivedandbroughtabout150Pilgrims.Lifeatthebeginningwasveryhardandtherewasnotenoughfood,somanyofthemdied.DuringthefollowingsummertheNativeAmericanshelpedthemandthentheyhadabountifulharvest.SotheyheldabigcelebrationtothankGodandtheNativeAmericans.12.whataretheidealsthatguidetheAmericaneducationalsystem?Thefirstidealisthatasmanypeopleaspossibleshouldreceiveasmucheducationaspossible.Thesecondidealisthatofproducingasocietythatistotallyliterateandoflocalcontrol.Thet