年产二十万吨合成氨转化工段设计

毕业设计题目：年产二十万吨合成氨转化工段设计学院：化学与材料工程专业：化学工程与工艺姓名：学号：指导老师：完成时间：2014年5月20日I设计说明氨在国民经济中占有重要地位。现在约有80%的氨用来制造化学肥料，其余作为生产其它化工产品的原料。以天然气为原料的合成氨流程是合成氨流程的典型流程之一。除消耗原料天然气等一次能源外，还需要消耗较多的电力和蒸汽等二次能源。能耗是衡量合成氨技术水平和经济效益的重要标志。合成氨的转化工段中需要消耗的原料和能源占合成氨消耗能源的很大部分。因此对合成氨转化工段进行科学合理的设计是非常必要的。本次设计任务量为年产20万吨氨，采用管式炉连续催化转化工艺流程，工艺天然气经过一段炉和二段炉的转化，使甲烷含量降至0.3%。为达到尽可能多的节能的目的，准确进行转化工段的物料和热量衡算以及对一段炉的辐射室和对流段的计算和选型，并选择具有代表性的天然气预热器进行准确的设计计算，选定该换热器为固定管板式，壳体内径1000mm，换热面积332.8m2，传热温差626.52℃。除此之外，还做出工艺流程图、物料流程图和换热器的装配图等图纸以使设计内容更加详细充实。关键词：氨，能耗，转化工段，工艺流程，计算，选型IIDesignNotesAmmoniatakesanimportantplaceinthenationaleconomy.Now,about80%oftheammoniaisusedtoproducechemicalfertilizer,andtherestisusedtoberawmaterialofotherchemicalproductsproduction.TheprocesswhichregardsnatgasasrawmaterialisoneofthetypicalprocessinSynthe-ticammoniaprocess.Inadditiontoconsumingrawgasandwatervapor,theprocessstillneedstoconsumeelectricenergyandsteamandsoon.Energyconsumptionisanimportantsymbolmeasuredbytechnologyandeconomicprofit.Intransformationofammonia,theconsumptionofrawmaterialsandenergyaccountedalotenergyconsumptionofSynthe-ticammonia.Therefore,designofconversionsectionisverynecessary.Thedesigntaskisanannualoutputof200000tonsofammonia,thetubefurnaceprocessofcontinuouscatalyticconversion,technologyofnaturalgasthroughthetransformationofafurnaceandtwosectionofthefurnace,themethanecontentisreducedto0.3%.Inordertoachievethepurposeofenergy-saving,theaccuratecalculationandselectionofmaterialandheatbalanceandconversionsectionofafurnacechamberandaconvectionsectionofradiation,andchoosenaturalgaspreheaterrepresentativeforaccuratedesigncalculation.Selectionoftheheatexchangerisafixedtubeplate,shelldiameteris1000mm,theheattransferareais332.8m2,temperatureissetto626.52℃.Inaddition,Ialsomaketheprocessflowdiagram,thematerialflowchartandaheatexchangerassemblydrawingsinordertomakethedesignmoredetailedcontentenrichment.Keywords:ammonia,energyconsumption,transformation,technologicalprocess,typechoice河南城建学院本科毕业设计目录i目录设计说明...........................................................................................................................IDesignNotes.....................................................................................错误!未定义书签。主要符号说明.................................................................................................................ⅳ1绪论...........................................................................................................................11.1合成氨转化工段简述.........................................................................................11.1.1概述...........................................................................................................11.1.2合成氨生产技术的发展...........................................................................11.1.3合成氨转化工段天然气转化法主要反应...............................................21.1.4合成氨转化工段分为两段的原因...........................................................21.1.5合成氨转化工段设计的主要设备...........................................................21.2生产流程的选择.................................................................................................31.2.1转化工段工艺流程介绍...........................................................................31.2.2选择转化工段的工艺流程及原因...........................................................42物料衡算.....................................................................................................................52.1一段炉转化计算基础数据及衡算.....................................................................52.1.1基础数据...................................................................................................52.1.2一段转化炉物料衡算...............................................................................52.1.3一段转化炉出口气体量表.......................................................................82.2二段炉转化计算基础数据及物料衡算.............................................................92.2.1基础数据...................................................................................................92.2.2二段转化炉物料衡算...............................................................................92.2.3二段转化炉出口气体量表.....................................................................122.3以吨氨每小时为计算标淮折合指标...............................................................123热量衡算...................................................................................................................143.1计算基准和计算方法.......................................................................................143.2一段转化炉热量平衡.......................................................................................163.2.1进入混合气带入焓.................................................................................163.2.2一段转化气带出焓.................................................................................163.2.3燃料天然气量计算.................................................................................173.3二段转化炉热量平衡.......................................................................................183.3.1一段转化气带入焓..................................................................