Simon-de-Beauvoir

1908-1986FeminisimSymboloffeminism(basedonVenusSymbol)forthe2ndwavefeminism(1960s)“feminist”inOED:1852“feminism”inOED:1895arangeofmovementsandideologiesGoal:todefine,establish,andachieveequalpolitical,economic,cultural,personal,andsocialrightsforwomen3wavesoffeministmovements1stwave:19th–early20thcentury,onthepromotionofequalcontract,marriage,parenting,andpropertyrightsforwomen2ndwave:1960s,largelyconcernedwithissuesofequalityotherthansuffrage,suchasendingdiscrimination(SloganbyCarolHalisch:“ThePersonalisPolitical”)3rdwave:1990sinUS,challengingfemaleheterosexualityandcelebratingsexualityasameansoffemaleempowermentbyfocusingonmicro-politicsandchallengethesecondwave'sparadigmastowhatis,orisnot,goodforwomen,andtendtouseapost-structuralistinterpretationofgenderandsexuality美国一战征兵海报：1917年4月参战，计划征兵400万二战后英国工党艾德礼政府海报：一战之后英国妇女回到家里，二战后英国复苏需要劳力，大多数妇女没有回家，独立，离婚率上升美国二战海报二战美国600万妇女参加工作，战后80％妇女不愿意重做家庭主妇，导致妇女的“第二次解放”英美在六、七十年代分别通过堕胎法；同时大部分英语国家同工同酬、相等机会法；美国1964年《人权法案》性别种族歧视非法；1972年《教育修正法案》大学男女机会均等；同年最高法院取消各州禁止堕胎的立法。SimondeBeauvoir(1908-1986)aFrenchwriter,intellectual,existentialistphilosopher,politicalactivist,feministandsocialtheorist.borninParison9January1908Parents:GeorgesBertranddeBeauvoir(legalsecretary)andFrançoiseBeauvoirHerfather’sencouragement:”Simonethinkslikeaman!”workedwithMauriceMerleau-PontyandClaudeLévi-Strauss1929:becameacouplewithJean-PaulSatreandenteredalifelongrelationship.Jean-PaulSatre(left)TheSecondSex(LeDeuxièmeSexe,1949)Maincontent:Itdealswiththetreatmentofwomenthroughouthistoryandisoftenregardedasamajorworkoffeministphilosophyandthestartingpointofsecond-wavefeminism.“thepervasivenessandintensityandmysteriousnessofthehistoryofwomen'soppression”--“Oneisnotborn,butratherbecomes,awoman”(differencebetweengenderandsex)Shefinisheditin14months.Mainpointsfromtheselectedreading1.Womanastheother:definitionoffemininity(254)women’sself-denial(255)definitionofwoman(256)Othernessasacategoryofhumanthought(256-257)Subject-object(257)2.woman’sweaknessanditsdefinitionHowisgenderdoneinthesociety(259-260)