phone、phoneme

Phone（音素）、phoneme（音位）、allophone（音位变体）•Whatisaphone?•Whatisaphoneme?•whatisanallophone?•Phone:phonecanbesimplydefinedasthespeechsoundweusewhenspeakinglanguage,aphoneisaphoneticunitorsegment.•phoneme:Aphonemeisaphonologicalunit，itisaunitthatisofdistinctivevalue.itisabstractunit,itisnotanyparticularsound,butratheritisrepresentedorrealizedbyacertainphoneticcontext.•Allophone:Thedifferentphoneswhicharerepresentaphonemeindifferentphoneticenvironmentsarecalledallophonesofthatphoneme.Howisitdefferentfromaphoneme?•aphoneisnotneccessaritydistinguishedmeaning.conventionallyphoneareplacedwithinsquarebrackets,andphonemesinslashes.Howareallophonesrelatedtoaphoneme?•Thephonerepresentingphonearecalledit’s“allophone”,howaphonemeisrepresentedbyaphone,orwhichallophoneistobeused,isdeterminedbythephoneticcontextinwhichitoccur.Howtounderstandtherelationshipbetweenthephonemesandallophone?•Allophoneisthesamephonemeofdifferentvariationsofform,isintheenvironmentofspeechphonemescertainspecificbodynoworspecificrepresentative.Allophoneandcanbedividedintoconditionschange•Bodyandfreevariant.•音位变体是同一个音位的不同的变异形式，是音位在特定语音环境中的具体体现或具体代表。音位变体又可分为条件变•体和自由变体。•Fromspecificphonemesbroadphonemeoutthespeechofthecategory,abstractallophoneisinallkindsofspeechphonemesenvironmentoftheactualpronunciationorspecificrepresentative.Belongtoonephonemevariantsofthepoints,butnoprimaryandsecondarytopicktheon//astherepresentativeofthephoneme,theoryonwhichacan,butchoosephonemesymbolsareusuallywanttoconsiderwhichiscommonandeasytowrite,whetherfacilitatethepresentationofeachvariantappearedconditions.怎样理解音位和音位变体的关系？•音位是从具体音素中概括出来抽象的语音类别，音位变体则是音位在各种语音环境里的实际发音或具体代表。同属一个音位的变体没有主次之分，但需要从中选出一个放在//中作为这个音位的代表，理论上选哪一个都可以，但是选择音位符号通常要考虑哪个比较常用和易于书写，是否便于说明各个变体出现的条件。