野性的呼唤(英文版)

TheCalloftheWildJackLondonArealisticwriterBorn:January12,1876SanFrancisco,CaliforniaUnitedStatesDied:November22,1916(aged40)GlenEllen,CaliforniaUnitedStatesOccupation:Novelist,journalist,shortstorywriterandessayistLifeExperiencesWritingStyleMajorWorksLifeExperiences18901891childlaborerinacannery(at14)oysterpirate(at15)sailorofasealingschooner(at17)18931895jailedforvagrancyfinishedhighschool(at19)UniversityofCalifornia(at20)18961897KlondikeGoldRush(at21)writerreporterTheSonoftheWolf(1900)1916diedfromagastrointestinalofuremia(尿毒症)thoughitwaswidelysupposedthathecommittedsuicide.(at40)WritingStyle•Hewasfascinatedbythewayviolencetestedandrefinedhumancharacter.Withoutmuchstylisticandformalrefinementandsubtletyofcharacterization,London’sfictionhastheunusualandintriguingpowerofancientmyth.Althoughhisworkcanneverbeclassedroughrealism,hewillalwaysberememberedastheoriginatorofanewtypeofwritingcalledroughrealism.•Forceful,andcolorful;Subjectivityandenthusiasm•Hischaracterizationswereoftenstiffandhisdialoguestereotyped.•Themes:primitiveviolence,Anglo-Saxonsupremacy,biologicalevolution,classwarfare,andmechanisticdeterminism.WritingStyleMajorWorksMajorWorks•ThePeopleoftheAbyss(1903)深渊中的人们•TheCalloftheWild(1903)野性的呼唤•TheSeaWolf(1904)海狼•WhiteFang(1906)白牙•LoveofLife(1907)热爱生命•TheIronHeel(1908)铁蹄•MartinEden(1909)马丁.伊登•TheValleyoftheMoon(1912)月谷•TheStarRover(1915)星游人•TheLittleLadyoftheBigHouse(1916)大屋里的小妇人WolfHouse特怀曼·L·托尔利在《狼的智慧》中对狼有很好的描述及概括。狼是陆地上生物最高的食物链终结者之一，群居动物中最有秩序，纪律的族群。由于有狼的存在，其他野生动物才得以淘汰老弱残的不良族群；也因为有狼的威胁存在，其它野生动物才被迫进化得更优秀，以免被狼淘汰；也因为有狼非常强的生存能力，适应能力。BackgroundPresenter:彭雪宁8号TheCalloftheWild:BackgroundBackgroundknowledgeAgoldrushisaperiodoffeverishmigrationofworkersintotheareaofadramaticdiscoveryofcommercialquantitiesofgold.the19thcenturyAustralia、Brazil、Canada、SouthAfrica、theUnitedStatesKlondikeRiverTheCalloftheWild:BackgroundInAugust1896,goldwasdiscoveredinRabbitCreekintheYukonTerritoryofwesternCanada.TheCalloftheWild:BackgroundWhennewsofthefindreachedtheUnitedStates,theKlondikegoldrushwason.TheCalloftheWild:BackgroundThegoldprospectors,knownas“Klondikers,”facedharshconditions:•temperatures40degreesbelowzero•starvationandmalnutrition•longjourneysonfoot•hundredsofpoundsofsuppliestotransport•About100,000peoplestartedoutinhopesofreachingtheKlondikeRiverandfindinggold.•Ofthese,onlyabout30,000completedthetrip.Theresteitherstoppedsomewherealongtheway,turnedaround,ordied.TheCalloftheWild:BackgroundTheCalloftheWild:BackgroundTheindigenouspeopleofAlaskaandCanadabeganusingsleddogsmorethan1,000yearsago.Theydependedonthesedogsfor•protection•transportation•hunting•companionshipTheCalloftheWild:BackgroundInthelate1800s,settlersandexplorersstartedusingthedogstohelpthemexploreremoteareas,delivermail,andlookforgold.TheCalloftheWild:BackgroundTheyhaveaprotectiveoutercoatandaninsulatingundercoat,thathelpsthemtoleratetemperaturesaslowas–70°F.TheCalloftheWild:BackgroundCertainpurebreddogsarecommonlyusedassleddogs.AlaskanmalamutesSiberianhuskiesSamoyedsTheCalloftheWild:BackgroundInthisharshandhostileenvironmentliketheYukonTerritory,survivalistheultimatechallenge.TheCalloftheWild:BackgroundIfstrength,courage,andadaptabilityarethekeystosurvival,thenourhero,Buck,standsaprettygoodchance.PlotPresenter:黄裕鑫25号BuckSpitzAScottishhalf-breedmanJohnThorntonCharacterAnalysisPresenter:潘影红27号Dave:anexperiencedwheeler,nippedBuck'shindquarterswheneverhewasinerror.Spitz:theleaderofthedogs,anexperiencedwheeler,healwaysfiercetohiscompanions,buthecouldnotalwaysgetatBuck.Finally,hewaskilledbyBuck.•TheyareBuck’ssecondowners.•Sternanddemandinginstantobedience•Thelawofclubandtooth木棒和犬牙法则•HalandCharles:foolishandcallow•Mercedes:spoiledandsentimental•Poorplan•aseasonedgoldprospector•havingadeep,abidingandreciprocalloveblossomsbetweenmananddog•Fulloffightingspirit-thesurvivalofthefittest.••Theviciousandcunningrulers•Love,loyaltytohisowner•ThecallofthewildHedidnotstealforjoyofit,butbecauseoftheclamorofhisstomach.Hedidnotrobopenly,butstolesecretlyandcunningly,outofrespectforclubandfang.Inshort,thethingshedidweredonebecauseitwaseasiertodethemthannottodothem.他偷东西不是为了从中得到乐趣，而是因为肚子太饿。他不明目张胆地去抢，而是耍点小手腕去偷，这是考虑到木棒和利齿所致。简言之，他之所以这么做是因为做比不做更容易些。•Fulloffightingspirit-thesurvivalofthefittest.Hewaspreeminentlycunning,andcouldbidehistimewithapatiencethatnothinglessthanprimitive.他是头等的狡猾，并且能够用他天生就有的的那种忍耐等待时机•TheviciousandcunningrulersLivinginthedogteam,Buckdidnotwanttobepatientforalongtimeunderanotherman‟sdomination.Whenhewasbeatbythemaninred,healreadyrealizedtheimportanceofpower.Sincethen,heneverforgotthedesiretowintheleadershipofSpitz.Afterfulldeliberationandpreparation,hekilledSpitzinthebattle,andfinallycapturedtheleaderposition”•Fulloffightingspirit-thesurvivalofthefittest.Thus,astokenofwhatapuppetthinglifeis,theancientsongsurgedthroughhimandhecameintohisownagain.于是，生命是个任人摆布的傀儡，古老的歌曲在他心中回荡，他重新找回了自我。•ThecallofthewildThemePresenter:曹嘉惠30号areturntoprimitivismsurvivalofthestrongestareflectionofsociety123ThemeareturntoprimitivismOldlongingsnomadicleap,Chafingatcustom'schain;Againfromits