法西斯主义与极端民族主义

仇海燕(,223300)　　　:法西斯主义是20世纪上半期世界范围内极端民族主义恶性膨胀和发展的结果;以社会达尔文主义和种族主义世界观为基础的极端民族主义是理解形形色色法西斯主义思潮的关键;法西斯主义不可能真正超越阶级矛盾和意识形态的对立,但我们决不能简单地把法西斯主义与某个社会阶层或某种社会制度划等号。　　:法西斯主义;极端民族主义;社会达尔文主义;种族主义　　:K151　:A　:1007-8444(2004)05-0641-05:2004-02-17:(1969-),,,。　　,。,、。,,,,。20,、,,。、。;。,。1920,,。,、。1857,,。1920,。,,、。,“”[1]。1920,,,,,“”,,20。,,,,6412004.526,“”。,,,。,,,。·:,“。1919,,、,,”[2]。,,,,,。、,、、,,。,,。,。,“”“”,。。、,,,,。,,,。,“”,,,,。:“”、“”,、。,,。,“”“”。1920,“”。,,,,,,,、,。。,,,。,,,。,“”,,。、,,。,。,“”“642JournalofHuaiyinTeachersCollegeSocialScienceVol.265,2004”[3]。,,,。,,“”,,。,,,。,,,。,,。,,,。·,“,。,,,”[4]。,,,。20,:,“”“”,。,“”:“。,,,,。”[4],,、。,:“”“”[3];“,”[3];“,;《》、,”[5]。,“”“”,,,。,,,“”。,,“”,。,。,“”[3]。,“、”。,。,“”,,,、、,。。:“,……,…………,,,。,!”[6],“,”,“”,“”[7]。“”“”6432004.526,“”。,,,,,。,、,。,,,。,,,。,。,。,“”“()”[6]。,、,。,。,“”:,,,。·,“,,,”[4]。,,,、、。,。,,,。,20,,“”“”。,“”、,,,,。,,,,19205。,19252。,,、,。,、,。,,,。,。,,,“”,,,,。,、,644JournalofHuaiyinTeachersCollegeSocialScienceVol.265,2004。,。,。,,。:,“”,,,,,“”,;,,“”,,。,:,,,,。,,。,,,,。,,。,,:“”,“”。,。,,,。,20,,20。20,20,:,。20,,。,。20、,、。,,、,,。:[1]:2[M].:,1959.188.[2]C.L..:12[M].:,1999.25-26.[3].[M].:,1988.148;145-146;145;158.[4]·.:、、[M].:,2000.34;32;39.[5].[M].:,1991.107.[6].[M].:,1995.97;89.[7].[Z].:,1999.246-247.(下转第680页)6452004.526YuanShansongandtheOriginationofChineseLandscapeEssayBAOYuan-hang(CollegeofLiterature,CapitalNormalUniversity,Beijing100089,China)Abstract:YuanShansong'slandscapeessaysuchasYiduji,whosedescriptionislifelikeness,nolongercomparinglandscapewithmo-rality.Itisaself-consciousandfirenewtasteconsciousness.AmongtopographyauthorsinEasternJinDynasty,YuanShansongisthebestbecausehecontributestotheoriginationoflandscapeessayinChinaenormously.Keywords:YuanShansong;Yiduji;landscapeessay;origination;tasteconsciousness:(上接第645页)FascismandUltraNationalismQIUHai-yan(DepartmentofHistoryandSociology,HuaiyinTeachersCollege,Huaian,Jiangsu223300,China)Abstract:Astheresultofultranationalism'sviciousexpansionanddevelopmentworldwidlyinthefirsthalfof20thcentury,fascismcan'tgobeyondtheclassstruggleintheideologicalfieldatall.Itcanneverbesimplyregardedasaphenomenonofcertainsocialclassorcertainsocialsystem.Ultranationalism,basedonsocialDarwinismandracialism,isthekeytounderstandingallformsoffascism.Keywords:Keywords:fascism;ultranationalism;socialDarwinism;racialism:680JournalofHuaiyinTeachersCollegeSocialScienceVol.265,2004