e.e.cummings课件

“tobenobody-but-myself—inaworldwhichisdoingitsbest,nightandday,tomakemeeverybodyelse—meanstofightthehardestbattlewhichanyhumanbeingcanfight,andneverstopfighting.”—cummingsMeete.e.cummings1894-1962Self-portraitwithsketchpad,1939~nudetrio:twocavorting,onereclining~Thepaintingsofe.e.cummingsToe.e.cummings,beinganindividual—notgivingintopressurestobejustlikeeveryoneelse—waslife’smostimportantstruggle.Hechallengedtheforcesthattendtosuppressuniquenessandmakepeopleconform,achallengethatisreflectedinhispoetry.Meete.e.cummingsⅠEdwardEstlinCummingsgrewupinCambridge,Massachusetts,thesonofarespectedministerandamotherwholovedpoetry.Throughouthislife,Cummingsremainedgratefultohismotherforencouraginghispoeticambitions.Hewrote,“ifthereareanyheavensmymotherwill(allbyherself)haveone.”Cummingsbeganwritingatanearlyage.Fromtheagesofeighttotwenty-two,hewroteapoemalmosteverydayandexperimentedwithavarietyofpoeticforms.Meete.e.cummingsⅡAyearafterreceivingamaster’sdegreefromHarvardUniversityin1916,CummingsvolunteeredtoserveasanambulancedriverinWorldWarⅠ.Notlongafter,hewasunjustlyconfinedinaFrenchdetentioncamponchargesofespionage.Releasedafewmonthslater,CummingswroteanabsorbingaccountofhisimprisonmentinTheEnormousRoom.Afterthewar,CummingsreturnedtoNewYorkCity,settlinginGreenwichVillage.FormuchofthenexttwodecadeshedividedhistimebetweenthevillageandParisandconcentratedonwritingpoetryandpainting.Meete.e.cummingsⅢLaterinhiscareer,hewasoftencriticizedforsettlingintohissignaturestyleandnotpressinghisworktowardsfurtherevolution.Nevertheless,heattainedgreatpopularity,especiallyamongyoungreaders,forthesimplicityofhislanguage,hisplayfulmodeandhisattentiontosubjectssuchaswar.Atthetimeofhisdeathin1962,hewasthesecondmostwidelyreadpoetintheUnitedStates,afterRobertFrost.ASelectedBibliographyPoemsTulipsandChimneys(1923)&(1925)XLIPoems(1925)ViVa(1931)NoThanks(1935)Tom(1935)1/20(1936)FiftyPoems(1941)1x1(1944)Ninety-fivePoems(1958)73Poems(1962)CompletePoems(1991)LettersTheEnormousRoom(1922)Eimi(1933)2.injustE.E.CummingsinJust-springwhentheworldismud-Lusciousthelittlelameballoonmanwhistlesfarandweeandeddieandbillcomerunningfrommarblesandpiraciesandit'sspringwhentheworldispuddle-wonderfulthequeeroldballoonmanwhistlesfarandweeandbettyandisbelcomedancingfromhop-scotchandjump-ropeandit'sspringandthegoat-footedballoonManwhistlesfarandweeNewwordsmud-烂泥luscious甘美的lame跛足balloonman卖气球的人Whistles吹口哨Eddieandbillmarbles大理石Piracy海盗Puddle无泥坑hop-scotch跳房子游戏IdeasSpring:Lameballoonman:whistlefarandweeEddieandBill:runfromplayinggamesBettyandDisbel:comedancingfromhop-scotchandjump-ropemud:luscious---sweetanddeliciouspuddle:wonderfulWhenSpringcomes,everythingisalive.Childrenarecheerful.Theballoonmanbringsthecolourfulworldinoureye.Notice:sound,vision,smellStyle:Cummings’spoemsweremarkedbyradicalexperimentsincoiningwords,shiftinggrammar,blendingestablishedstanzaicformswithfreeverse,flamboyant（艳丽的）punning,typographic（印刷上的）distortion,unusualpunctuation,andspecial（特殊物质的）divisionofwords.toneThispoemshowcasessomeoftheartist‘smosttangibleusesoftoneandspace.Notethemomentum（动力）ofthe“goat-footedballoonMan”.Itsjustaseasytoseebubbles（泡沫）,stretchinliquid,drawn-outvowels,hearthefadingresonanceofthewhistle'sweeandfeelthespringwhenbettyanddisbelcomedancing.㈠爱德华.爱斯特林.卡明斯（1894～1962），美国诗人、小说家、画家。生于马萨诸塞州的剑桥，父亲是哈佛大学教授，唯一神教牧师。卡明斯自幼喜爱绘画和文学。1915年毕业于哈佛大学,毕业演说以《新艺术》为题,对现代艺术，主要是立体主义、未来主义的绘画，作了大胆的肯定。一战期间，他曾参加救护车队在法国战地工作，进过集中营，后用超现实主义手法把这段经历写进《巨大的房间》(1922)一书。战后在巴黎和纽约学习绘画，并开始写诗。第一部诗集《郁金香与烟囱》(1923)收有短歌和咏爱情的十四行诗。以后陆续发表《诗四十一首》(1925)、《1922至1954年诗选(1954)等12部诗集。1957年获得博林根诗歌奖和波士顿艺术节诗歌奖。卡明斯有些诗集的题名离奇古怪,诗行参差不齐,在语法和用词上也是别出心裁。词语任意分裂，标点符号异乎寻常，除了强调一般不用大写，连Ｉ（我）和自己的名字也是小写。他认为在科学技术发达的时代，人们用眼睛吸收外界的事物比用耳朵多。他在解释为什么要使用文字做特技表演时说：“我的诗是以玫瑰花和火车头作为竞争对象的。”㈡在奇特的形式外壳之下，卡明斯显示了卓越的抒情才能和艺术敏感。他的小诗，如《正是春天》、《这是花园，色彩多变》，勾画出儿童的天真形象，散发着春天的清新气息；他的爱情诗，如《梦后的片刻》、《我从没去过的地方》，在温柔中含有凄怨；他怀念父母的诗《如果有天堂，母亲（独自）就在那一方》也真挚感人。同时，他也善于用辛辣的讥讽表达他对现实生活中丑恶面的蔑视和挑战。他把现代资本主义社会中野蛮的争夺、感情上的冷漠、行为中的伪善称为“非人类”或“非世界”，以漫画式的笔调加以嘲弄和鞭挞。卡明斯后期采用街头巷尾的俚语方言，诗的社会性也有所增强。但题材仍不够广阔，始终缺乏思想深度。历来对他的诗毁誉参半。有人称他为“打字机键盘上的小丑”,指责他的诗是肢解了诗歌语言的“假实验”;但某些文学批评家却认为他是“最有成就的城市诗人之一”l(al(aleaffalls)onelinessl(aleaffalls)onelinessBuffaloBill'sBuffaloBill'sdefunctwhousedtorideawatersmooth-silverstallionandbreakonetwothreefourfivepigeonsjustlikethatJesushewasahandsomemanandwhatiwanttoknowishowdoyoulikeyourblueeyedboyMisterDeathBuffalo水牛Defunctdeadstallion雄马Pigeon鸽子ExplanationBuffaloBill:thestagenameofWilliamCody,apopularcowboyheroandcircusperformer.defunct:deadWatersmooth-silver:coatofahorseStallion:horseBreakone…shoothistargets,likepigeonsasfastashecountsBlueeyedboy:employeewithblueeyes.ideasSkillSpeedMr.deathpersonificationRegretblameShapeThePoet’sStyleCummings’spoemsweremarkedbyradicalexperimentsincoiningwords,shiftinggrammar,blendingestablishedstanzaicformswithfreeverse,flamboyantpunning,typographicdistortion,unusualpunctuation,andidiosyncraticdivisionofwords.ThePoet’sTheme“Cummingswasalyricpoet,readytosingoflo