必修3Unit4-Astronomy-the-science-of-the-stars词汇

Learningkeywordsandexpressionsinunit41.systemn.系统，体系；制度systematicadj.(有）系统的；有条理的systematicallyadj.（有）系统地；有条理地搭配：thesolarsystem太阳系arailwaysystem铁路系统thecapitalistsystem资本主义制度Thecomputersystembrokedown.计算机系统瘫痪了。Theteacherhasaspecialsystemofteaching.这位老师教学方法很独特。2.theoryn.学说；理论Darwinstheoryofevolution达尔文进化论Thetheoryofrelativity相对论反义：practice实践Einsteinputforwardhisnewtheoryofrelativity.3.violent(adj.)猛烈的；激烈的；猛烈的进攻极其的厌恶极度痛苦(adv.)猛烈地；激烈地；(n.)猛烈；激烈；暴力；船在海上强烈的风暴中沉没。Theboatsankina____________atsea.violentstormviolentlyaviolentattackviolentdislikeviolentpainviolence4.intime:(soonerorlater;eventually;)迟早,终于I’llseehimintime.总有一天我会遇见他。intime(forsth./todosth.):notlate及时Shewillbebackintimetopreparedinner.她来得及回来准备晚饭。与time相关的短语:ontime按时;准时atonetime从前forthetimebeing暂时fromtimetotime不时地innotime立刻,马上attimes有时atatime每次;依次onceuponatime从前5.unlikeprep.不同；不像unlikehim,hissonistall.adj.不同的Thesistersarequiteunlike.unlikelyadv.未必得，不见得的注意与dislike“不喜欢”区分开来。6.harmful(adj.)有害的harmless反义词harm(n.&v.)beharmfulto…=doharmto…对…有害=harm(v.)sb.(n.)1)Smoking___________yourhealth.isharmfulto2)那个老人从未伤害过任何人。Theoldhasneverharmedanybody.无害的7.Lie,lie,lay的区别如下:动词原形第三人称单数过去式过去分词现在分词中文释义lieliesliedliedlying撒谎;谎话lielieslaylainlying躺;位于laylayslaidlaidlaying放置;下蛋Thenaughtyboy___tomethatthehenthat___therejustnowhad___twoeggsthedaybefore.A.laid;laid;laidB.laid;lay;lainC.lied;laid;lainD.lied;lay;laidD8.existvi.存在；生存existentadj.存在的；生存的existencen.存在；生存搭配：existin存在于…之中existon靠…为生（=liveon)existby靠…生存Theycan’texistonthemoneyheisearning.Theideaexistsonlyinthemindsofpoets.inexistence现存的comeintoexistence=comeintobeing开始存在、成立Whendidthisworldcomeintoexistence?9.givebirthto1)生（孩子）She’sjustgivenbirthtoahealthybabygirl.她刚刚生了个健康的女婴。2)产生Theextraordinaryexperiencegavebirthtohislatestnovel.这段奇特的经历促成了他的最新的一部小说的诞生。10.inone’sturn轮到某人It’sinyourturntoreadthepassge.Hecookedthemealinhisturnthisweek.inturn依次、轮流Pleaseentertheroominturn.byturns轮流Wekeptwatchbyturns.我们轮流守望。11.preventsth./sb.(from)doingsth.制止(防止)某人(某物)做某事Nothingcanpreventthisplanfrombeingcarriedout.阻止某人做某事preventsb.(from)doingsth.stopsb.(from)doingsth.,keepsbfromdoingsth注意：keepsb.fromdoingsth.中from不可省略,但如在被动语态中,他们中的from都不可省。12.puzzlen迷，难题v(使)迷惑；（使）为难Canyoufigureoutthispuzzle?你能找到谜底吗？Hisbehavioryesterdaypuzzledme.他昨天的行为使我迷惑。•puzzledadj•puzzlingadj•puzzlementn.•inpuzzlement困惑的迷惑的令人困惑的困惑疑虑疑惑地Heansweredthe__________questionwitha_________look_____________.puzzlingpuzzledinpuzzlement13.pulln.(c)拉力;牵引力;扯引力Ifwewanttomakeatripintospace,wemustescapethepullofgravity.2)（对他人的）影响，影响力Shehasalotofpullinthatcompany.3)吸引力（常用单数）Thetidesdependonthepullofthemoon.4)拉，牵，扯（反义词：push)Helpmemovethispiano;youpullandI’llpush.14.cheerup感到高兴；感到振奋Wecheeredupatthenews.cheerv.加油，欢呼，喝彩Thepeoplecheeredthefootballteam.cheerfuladj.cheerfullyadvcheerfulness1.既然你忙,就让我给你做吧。Nowthatyouarebusy,letmedoitforyou.2.既然人都齐了,咱们开始干吧。Nowthateveryoneisherelet’sstartwork．15.nowthat同since相似，语气较弱，强调人们已知的事实。16.breakout它与happen,takeplace,comeout等词的用法一样，是不及物动词，不能带宾语，不能用于被动语态。1)战争爆发TheAmericanCivilWarbrokeoutin1861.美国内战爆发于1861年。2)发生争吵Aquarrelbrokeoutbetweenthem.他们之间发生了争吵。3)(火灾)发生Afirebrokeoutinhishouselastnight.昨晚他家里失火了。[考点]breakout通常指战争、疾病、灾害等的爆发。不及物动词短语，不能用于被动语态。[考例]Iwasstillsleepingwhenthefire____,andthenitspreadquickly.(广东2006)A.brokeoutB.putoutC.cameoutD.gotout[点拨]putout扑灭；comeout出来,出版；getout（使）出来。由itspreadquickly（火迅速蔓延）可知选A。与break相关的短语:breakdown（机器）出故障，损坏；分解，起化学变化；破坏；拆散breakin破门而入;打断breakawayfrom脱离;打破陈规breakthrough突围;突破;冲垮;克服breakup打碎;拆散;分裂;分解breakone'sword/promise食言;说话不算数17.watchout注意，留神，小心Watchout!Thereisacarcoming!lookout小心，注意Lookout!Theroadisfullofholes.拓展：watchforsb/sth观察等待Thecatwasonthewall,watchingforbirds.那只猫在墙上伺机捕捉鸟儿。Watchover照管；监督；保护Goodbye!Thankyouforyourattention!