高中英语阅读理解精析精练-猜测词义

嘉兴英语教学网猜测词义本类考题解答锦囊英语的一个显著特点是它庞大的词汇数量。即使一个拥有上万单词量的人在阅读英语读物中也难免会遇到生词。如果每遇到生词，就查阅词典，不但会降低阅读速度，而且往往使阅读变得索然无味。据调查，影响人们阅读理解的，首先是词汇。因此学习并掌握一些猜测生词词义的方法，对排除阅读时某些生词的干扰，降低生词率是十分必要的。任何一个买词，只有在一定的上下文中才能表示一个确定的词义。NMET阅读理解中猜测词义的考查内容既可以是文中的生词，也可以是熟词新义、短语或句子。但都要求考生根据上下文线索(即具体语境)作出推断。此类题的提问形式一般有：1.Whichofthefollowingisnearest/closestinmeaningto...?2.Theunderlinedword,means_______.3.Theunderlinedphrase,means_______.4.Theunderlinedsentence,means_______.利用上下文的提示猜测词义的方法有如下几种：1.根据定义或解释猜测词义【例题】(1)Acalendarisalistofthedays,weeks,monthsofaparticularyear.根据定义,calendar的意思是日历.。(2)Abiographyisthestoryofaperson'slifewrittenbysomeoneelse根据定义，biography的意思是凡别人写的生平叫做传记。(3)SomewritersarenolongerwritingaboutthemodernvaluesoftheUSA--money,Successorexpensivethingstobuy.2.破折号后而的内容是对value一词的具体解释。【例题】(1)Herepliedquickly.Butafterheconsideredtheproblemmorecarefully,heregrettedhavingmadesuchahastydecision.根据耻下文学语境意义，可悟出quickly与hasty同义。(2)Althoughpeopleinmanycountriesconsiderrawmeatadelicacy(美味),weChinesepeopleseldomeatanymeatthatisuncooked.根据上下文语境意义得知rawmeat即是meatthatisuncooked.Raw与uncooked表示相同意思生的，未煮过的。(3)--1thinkwearebeingwatched.--Really?Whatmakesyouthinkweareundersurveillance?根据语境，可判断出beingwatched-15undersurveillance是同义关系。(4)Duringtheconcert,thechildrenwerequietbutafterwards,theybecameboiaterous.but表示转折意思，因此bomterous是quiet的反义词，意思为吵吵嚷嚷的。(5)Unlikehergregarioussister,Janeisashyperson,whodoesnotliketogotoparties,ortomakenewfriends.unlike是关键词，它表示Jane与她的姐姐完全不同。根据后面对Jane的描述“…ashyperson,．．．notliketogopartiesortomakenewfroends'，可得知gregarious的意思是好交际的。3．根据举例【例题】嘉兴英语教学网页(1)Scientistsarestudyinghowbirdssuchternsmigrate．根据举例法(suchas)，得知terns是一种鸟。(2)Todayyoungcoupleswhoarejuststartingtheirhouseholdsoftenspendlotsoftheirmoneyonappliances?forexample，washing--machines，fridgesandcolorTVs．根据举例法(forexample)，得知appUances是指washing-machines，fridgesandco1orTVs这类家用电器。(3)Severalothergases，suchasargon，comprisetheremainingonepercentofthevo1umeofdryair．SUChas提示argon为某种气体。4．根据因果关系。【例题】(1)Shedidnothearwhatyousaidbecauseshewascompletelyengrossedinherreading．because之前的分句表示结果，之后的分句表示原因，可推理，她没有听见的原因是她完全被阅读吸引住了或她正全神贯注地看书。因此engrossed的意思是被吸引的，全神贯注的。(2)ThenoisewassofaintthatitwasimpossibletobesurewhatitwasorevenwhereitcamefronLSo．．．that．．．，结构引导的句子也表示因果关系。因此可判断出faint在此句中的意思是微弱的。声音太弱，以致不能确认是什么声音或是从哪里发出的。(3)ThiSkindofflowerthrivesinthisareabecausetheweatheriswarm，theSoilisexcellent，andthereiSalotofrain。because一词决定了flower与warmweather，excellentsOil，a10tOfrain之间是因果关系。因此thdves的意思是茂盛成长。5．根据句意或上下文语境例1Ifhethinkshecaninvitemeout，heisallwet．Idon'tliketobewiththethem.A.drunkB．sweatingC．happyD．mistaken【解析】根据第二句我不喜欢跟他在一起，可推断出，如果他认为他能约我出去，那他就错了。这两句话实际上暗含因果关系。【答案】D例2Attheageof77，Johnwasstillplayingaskillfulgameoftennis，ranfourmileseveryddayandseldommissedhisdailyswim．Foramanofhisagehewasextremelyrobust．Accordingtotheshortpassage，theword“robust”，probablymeans________.A。strangeB．weakC．strongninteresting【答案】C根据语境的意思，一个77岁的人还能如此运动，可以说是身体不错，因此可以推断robust是strong强壮的意思。由此可见猜测词义离不开上下文、离不开具体语境。Ⅰ高考最新热门题1.(典型例题，E卷)嘉兴英语教学网(标记)thatcomefromclothing.Ifallstudentsaredressedinthesameway,theywillnotpaytoomuchattentiontotheirclothing,andsomeofthemwillnotbelaughedatforwearingthewrong'clothes.Somepeopleareagainstthestrictruleofschooluniforms,buttheydonotrealizethatstudentsalreadyacceptakindofrule--wantingtolookjustliketheirfriends.Thedifferenceisthattheclothingstudentschooseforthemselvescreatessocialbarriers;schooluniformstearthosebarriersdown.Asinotherplaces,uniformsremindthewearersoftheirpurposeandduties.Forexample,whenamanorwomanputsonapoliceuniform,heorshebecomes,foratime,thesymbol(象征)oftawandorder.Theuniformmeanstothewearerhisorherspecialdutiesandsendsthesamemessagetoeveryonethewearermeets.Peoplewithdifferentjobswearuniformsofonekindoranother.Forstudents,theschooluniformremindsthemthattheirtaskforthesixorsevenhourstheyareinschoolistogetaneducation.Someparentsareunhappyaboutuniforms,sayingthatschooluniformswillaffecttheirchildren'screativity.First,asnotedabove,theclothesstudentschoosetoweardonotnecessarilyexpresstheirindividuality(个性).Theyjustcopytheirclassmates.Second,studentshavetherestofthedaytobeascreativeastheylike.Whilethey'reinschool,theirjobistomasterreading,writing,andmath;thisshouldtakeupallthecreativitytheyhave.Masteryofthoseskillswillbegoodforthestudentstobuilduptheircreativityineveryway.1.InParagraph1,thewordbenefitsprobablymeans________.A.tasksB.messagesC.differencesD.advantages2.Fromthepassagewelearnthatuniformsingeneral________.A.preventthewearersfrombeinglaughedatB.helpthewearerskeeptheirdutiesinmindC.areseenasasymbolofpowerD.helptocreatesocialbarriers3.Somepeopleareagainstschooluniformsbecause________.A.theyfailtorealizethatstudentshaveacceptedtheuniformsB.theybelievethatuniformswillmakestudentslesscreativeC.theydon'tagreethatunifo