communicative-language-teaching

CommunicativeLanguageTeachingCLTBackgroundDefinitionFeaturesPrinciplesoftheCommunicativeApproachAdvantages&DisadvantagesBackgroundTheoriginsoftheCLTaretobefoundinthechangesintheBritishlanguageteachingtraditiondatingfromthelate1960s.Inthelatesixties,thecurrentSLTwasquestioned.Britishappliedlinguisticsbegantoemphasizethefundamentaldimensionoflanguageteachingatthattime-thefunctionalandcommunicativepotentialoflanguage.Scholarsarguedforfocusinlanguageteachingoncommunicativeproficiencyratherthanonmeremasteryofstructures.DefinitionTheCLTisanapproachtoforeignorsecondlanguageteachingwhichemphasizesthatthegoaloflanguagelearningiscommunicativecompetence.TeachingmaterialsusedwiththeCommunicativeapproachoftenteachthelanguageneededtoexpressandunderstanddifferentkindsoffunctions.TheapproachfollowsaNationalsyllabusandemphasizestheprocessesofcommunicationtogetinformation,andusinglanguageforsocialinteractionwithotherpeople.FeaturesFivepointstocharacterizetheCommunicativeApproach:①Emphasisonlearningtocommunicateinthetargetlanguage②Theintroductionofauthentictextsintolearningsituations③Focusnotonlyonlanguagebutalsoonthelearningprocessitself④makinguseoflearner’sownpersonalexperiences⑤Creatingrealcommunicationsituationsintheclassroom;linkingclassroomlanguagelearningwithlanguageactivationoutsidetheclassroomThemostobviouscharacteristicsoftheCommunicativeApproachisthatalmosteverythingthatisdonewithacommunicativeintent.Theteacherisconcernedwiththelearnersthemselves,theirfeelingsandideas.Theclassroomactivitiesarelearner-centeredbecauselearningismoreeffectivewhenthelearnersareactivelyinvolvedinthelearningprocess.FeaturesTheroleoftheteacher:①afacilitatorofstudents’learning②amanagerofclassroomactivities③anadvisorofstudents’questions④aco-communicatorinthecommunicativeactivityTheroleofthelearner:①anegotiator②acommunicator③acontributor④anindependentlearnerPrinciplesoftheCommunicativeApproach.Asfaraslearningtheoryisconcerned,neitherBrumfitandJohnsonnorLittlewood,forexample,offersanydiscussion.However,severalprinciplescanbegeneralizedasfollows1.thecommunicativeprinciple:Activitiesthatinvolverealcommunicationpromotelearning.2.thetaskprinciple:Activitiesinwhichlanguageisusedforcarryingoutmeaningfultaskspromotelearning(Johnson1982).3.themeaningfulnessprinciple:Languagethatismeaningfultothelearnersupportsthelearningprocess.SixCriteriaforevaluatingcommunicativeclassroomactivitiesCommunicativepurposeCommunicativedesireContent,notformVarietyoflanguageNoteacherinterventionNomaterialscontroltheadvantagesofCLTCommunicativeteachingemphasisontask-oriented,student-centeredlanguageteachingpractice,askedtoshowthelifeoftheactualneedsoftheEnglishlanguagetosimulateavarietyoflifecontexts,emotional,andtoprovidestudentswithcomprehensiveuseofEnglishlanguage(1)theinteractionbetweenstudentsandteachers.studentsdevelopthesubject,initiativeandbecomeincreasinglyimportant.Teacher-studentrelationshipisaninteractive,harmoniousrelationship(2)toimpartthebasicknowledgeandabilitytoskillfullycombinethedevelopment.Thecommunicativeteachingemphasizesthelearner'scognitiveabilityandoperationalcapabilities,whichallowthestudentsthemselvestothinkaboutandexpresstheirviews,thustrainedinreallifetheabilitytouselanguagetocommunicate.greatlyenhancedthestudent'sinterest.Communicativeteachingstudentstoparticipatein,sometimesaccompaniedbyscenesorsimulatedscenarios,sothatstudentsmoreclosetolife,thestudentsbecamethemaincharacter,naturallytheywereinterestedintheEnglishlanguage,tolearnEnglishasapleasure.thedisadvantagesofCLTCommunicativegrammarteachingpracticeisoftenusedfeaturesanoutlineofideastofocusonteachinghowtomakethestudentsinaspecificcontext,inordertoachievespecificcommunicativefunctions,suchas:inquiry,instruction,order,refusedtherequestandsoon,thecorrectwhograciouslytousetheselinguisticforms.Inthissystem,thesyntaxofthesystematicandprogressivetoacertaindegreeofneglect,andsometimesgivepeoplewithdisorderlyfeeling.Second,thecommunicativeapproachtogrammarteaching,grammaritemsaccountforalargeproportionoftheoutput.Comparedwiththetraditionalteachingofgrammar,syntaxknowledge,communicativeinputratioofrelativereduction.Thankyou