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当前位置:首页 > 商业/管理/HR > 咨询培训 > 英语肯定句变否定句所有规则21(2)
一、简单句中含有be动词、情态动词和助动词时,变否定句时需在be动词、情态动词和助动词后加not。1.(am,is,are是be动词)如:Iamateacher.→Iamnotateacher.Thisisapen.→Thisisnotapen.或Thisisn’tapen.(isnot=isn’t)Youareaboy.→Youarenotaboy.(arenot=aren’t)2.(can是情态动词)Hecanhelpme.→Hecannothelpme.或Hecan’thelpme.(cannot=can’t)3.当主语是第一人称、第二人称和第三人称复数时用助动词do,变否定时,在do后面加not如:IlikeEnglish.IdonotlikeEnglish.或Idon’tlikeEnglish.Theygotoschooltogether.→Theydonot(don’t)gotoschooltogether.4.当主语是第三人称单数时用does,变否定时,在does后面加not,如:Thelittlegirlwantstogothere.→Thelittlegirldoesnot(doesn't)wanttogothere.2.简单句中谓语动词为行为动词时,要根据时态选用do的相应形式,把肯定句变为否定句。如:Thelittlegirlwantstogothere.→Thelittlegirldoesn'twanttogothere.Hedidhisworkyesterday.→Hedidn'tdohisworkyesterday.3.祈使句变否定句时,一般在句首加Don't,但Letus或Let's开头的祈使句在Letus或Let's后加not也可。如:Putthemoverthere.→Don'tputthemoverthere.Letusgohome.→Letusnotgohome.或Don’tletusgohome.4.主从复合句中,主句是Ithink,Ibelieve等结构,变否定句时,形式上否定主句,实际上否定从句。如:Idon'tthinkchickenscanswim.我认为鸡不会游泳。5.“hadbetter+动词原形”,变否定句时为“hadbetternot+动词原形”。如:You'dbettergotoschool.→You'dbetternotgotoschool.6.动词不定式变否定式时,常在不定式to前加not。如:Theteachertellsmetodoit.→Theteachertellsmenottodoit.7.使役动词和感官动词(make,let,hear,see,watch等)后接省略to的不定式,此种不定式变否定句时只需在省略to的动词原形前加not。如:Isawherwork.→Isawhernotwork.8.特殊形式的否定句,有以下几种:(1)肯定句含有every-的合成词时,变否定句时改为no-。如:Everythingisready.→Nothingisready.(2)肯定句中含有always,usually和ever时,变否定句时改为never。如:Heisalwayslateforschool.→Heisneverlateforschool.(3)肯定句含有many,much时,变否定句时分别改为few,little。如:Manystudentsknowhim.→Fewstudentsknowhim.(4)肯定句中含有still时,变否定句时应改为nolonger。如:Tomisstillinbed.→Tomisnolongerinbed.(5)肯定句含有both,both...and,all时,变否定句时应改为never,neither...nor,none。如:Bothofusarestudents.→Neitherofusisastudent.(6)肯定句含有nearly,almost时,变否定句时应改为hardly。如:Lilynearlyknowshim.→Lilyhardlyknowshim.(7)肯定句含有“形容词+enough”时,变为否定句时应改为“too+形容词的反义词”。如:Heisshortenoughtoreachit.Heistootalltoreachit.(1)谓语动词是be,have(有)或谓语含有助动词、情态动词时,直接在这些词后加上否定词not。如:Shecanswim.Shecan'tswim.(2)谓语动词是行为动词时,要在该动词前加上do/does/didnot,该词恢复原形。如:Hegetsupearly.Hedoesn'tgetupearly.(3)既要否定谓语动词,又要变换句中的单词。如:Hecanreadandwrite.Hecan'treadorwrite.(4)用含否定意义的词或词组取代肯定句中的某些词或词组。如:IknowbothEnglishandChi-nese.IknowneitherEnglishnorChinese.类似的有:ever/alwaysnever,somebodynobody,somethingnothing,everybodynoone,almosthardly2.祈使句的肯定式变否定式(1)一般在动词前加上don't。如:Openthewindow.Don'topenthewindow.(2)含有“Let's...”的祈使句,一般用“Let'snot...”的形式,美国人偶尔也用“Don'tlet's...”这一形式。加强语气时使用“Let'sdon't...”这一形式。如:Let'sgothere.Let'snotgothere.3.复合句的肯定式变否定式一般将主句变为否定式。如:IsawherwhenIleft.Ididn'tseeherwhenIleft.肯定句改为否定句的基本方法把肯定的陈述句改为否定句的基本方法首先要掌握否定句构成的基本规则。①当陈述句的谓语动词由be构成时,改为否定句,把not加在be后面。例1.Theyaredoctors.这个句子的谓语动词是由系动词构成的,改为否定句时把not加在are的后面,即:Theyarenotdoctors.例2.Heisgoingtoseehisfriendtomorrow.本句的谓语由isgoingtosee构成,改为否定句时把否定词not加在is后面,即:Heisnotgoingtoseehisfriendtomorrow.②当陈述句的谓语由情态动词can(may,must等)+其他动词构成,或由助动词will,have,had等十其他动词构成时,改为否定句,用情态动词或助动词十not+动词的形式表示。例3.Theywillgotoseetheirparentsthisafternoon.这个句子谓语由助动词will加动词go构成,改为否定句时,把not放在will后面,即:Theywillnot(won't)gotoseetheirparentsthisafternoon.例4.Thetrainhadalreadyleftwhenwegottothestation.这个句子谓语由助动词had加leave的过去分词left构成,改为否定句时要把not加在had后面,同时already改为yet,即:Thetrainhadnotleftyetwhenwegottothestation.例5.LindacanspeakChinesewell.本句的谓语由can+speak构成,把它改为否定句时,在can后面加not,即:LindacannotspeakChinesewell.例6.WehavealreadylearnedEnglishfortwoyears.本句的谓语由have+learned构成,把它改为否定句时,要在助动词have后面加not,把句中的already改为yet,即:WehavenotlearnedEnglishfortwoyearsyet.③当陈述句的谓语动词是have,表示有什么,改为否定句的方法是:(A)由have+not+其他;(B)由have十no十其他;(C)由don't(doesn't,didn't)+have十其他,如果句中有some,要将some改为any。例7.Youhavesomebooks.这个句子谓语动词have当“有”讲,在改为否定句时要把not放在have后,并把some改为any,即:Youhavenotanybooks.这个句子也可以改写为在have后加no即:Youhavenobooks.这个句子还可以改写为:Youdon'thaveanybooks.④当陈述句的谓语由have十其他词构成,这时have不当“有”讲,也不是“助动词”,改为否定句时,由助动词do(does,did)+not+have构成否定结构。例8.Theyoftenhavebreakfastatseveninthemorning.本句的谓语动词是have,而have+breakfast的意思是“吃早饭”,把它改为否定句,要由助动词do+not+havebreakfast构成否定形式,即:Theydon'thavebreakfastatseveninthemorning.例9.Hehadameetingyesterdayafternoon.本句谓语动词had+meeting的意思是“开会”,是一般过去时,改为否定句时由didnot+haveameeting构成否定形式,即:Hedidn'thaveameetingyesterdayafternoon.●以上两个例句说明改成否定句时,千万不要盲目把否定词加在have(has,had)后面。如果是由has或had+其他词构成的谓语改为否定句时,加上(does,did)not后要注意把has,had改为原形have。⑤陈述句的谓语动词是行为动词,改为否定句时,要用助动词do(does,did)+not+行为动词构成否定形式。例10.HestudiesEnglishwell.本句的谓语由行为动词studies构成,把它改为否定句时要由助动词does+not构成否定形式,即:Hedoesn'tstudyEnglishwell.例11.HerbrotherwenttoLondonin1998.本句的谓语由行为动词go的过去式went构成,改为否定句时,由助动词did+not构成否定形式,即:Herbrotherdidn'tgotoLondonin1998.例12.Bettyoftendoesherhomeworkaftersupper.这个句子的谓语由行为动词does构成,要把它改为否定句,须用助动词does+not并把其放在主语之后,同时把原句中的does改为原形即:Bettydoesn'toftendoherhomeworkaftersupper.例13.Hediditbyhimself.本句的谓语由did构成,把它改为否定句要由助动词did+not构成否定式,并放在主语后面,同时要把原句中的did改为do,即:Hedidn'tdoitbyhimself.●要注意加上doesnot或didnot改为否定句以后,要把原句的动词改为原形动词,特别是行为动词do的第三人称单数does和过去时did,在主语后面加上doesn't或didn't以后,千万要注意把句中的does或did改为do。⑥祈使句的否定结构为:don't十原形动词。例14.Lookoutofthewindow.改为否定句时,要在句首加上don't,其它不变,即:Don'tlookoutofthewindow.⑦当陈述句中含有something这个词时,把句子改为否定句有两种方法:其一,在句中相应位置加not,再把something改成anything;其二,直接把something改为nothing即可。例14.Thereissomethingwrongwiththeradi
本文标题:英语肯定句变否定句所有规则21(2)
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