亚太发展中国家三大城市景观格局梯度动态与城乡融合区特征

*黄家生1李新一2李建龙1**干晓宇1周殷1杨齐1薛峰1(1南京大学生命科学学院,南京210093;2农业部全国畜牧兽医总站饲草处,北京100026)以亚太地区3个大城市中国上海菲律宾大马尼拉和越南河内为对象,在3S(GIS,GPS,RS)技术支持下,选取了近20年的遥感资料,采用基于斑块密度等6种景观指数的景观格局梯度分析的手段,研究了这3座城市城市化的景观格局动态及与之相关的城乡融合区特征结果表明:在城市化过程中,这3座城市城市化区域景观格局都有显著变化,斑块密度升高,破碎化加强;在样带上,斑块密度Shannon多样性等指数与到市中心的绝对距离有较强的相关性,景观指数能检测出城市化的梯度和城市化的推进方向;3座城市的城乡融合区有着不同的发展特征,城市化呈现出不同的发展阶段特点大马尼拉市城市化阶段最高,郊区城市化也最早,城乡融合区明显,上海市城市化阶段较高,郊区城市化和城乡融合区也较为明显,而河内的城市化阶段较低,郊区城市化和城乡融合区不明显需要对城市融合区的生态环境加以保护景观格局;梯度分析;城市化;城乡融合区;上海;大马尼拉;河内P901A1000-4890(2009)06-1134-09Landscapepatterngradientdynamicsanddesakotaregionfeaturesofthreemega2citiesinAsia2Pacificdevelopingcountries.HUANGJia2sheng1,LIXin2yi2,LIJian2long1,GANXiao2yu1,ZHOUYin1,YANGQi1,XUEFeng1(1SchoolofLifeSciences,NanjingUniversity,Nanjing210093,China;2NationalAnimalHusbandryServiceMinistryofAgriculture,Beijing100026,China).ChineseJournalofEcology,2009,28(6):1134-1142.Abstract:Withthesupportof3S(GIS,GPSandRS)technologyandbasedonrecent20yearsremote2sensingdata,thelandscapepatterndynamicsanddesakotaregionfeaturesrelatedwiththeurbanizationofthreemega2citiesinAsia2PacificRegion,i.e.,Shanghai(China),MetroManila(thePhilippines),andHanoi(Vietnam),werestudiedbygradientanalysiswithsixlandscapematrixindicesincludingcontagionindex,largestpatchindex,landscapeshapeindex,perimeter2areafractaldimension,patchdensity,andShannondiversityindex.Intheprocessofurbaniza2tion,theregionallandscapepatternofthethreecitieschangedmarkedly,withanincreaseofpatchdensityandfragmentation.Inlandusetransects,thepatchdensityandShannondiversityindexhadhighercorrelationswiththeabsolutedistancetocitycenter.Landscapeindexcouldde2tectthegradientandthedirectionofurbanization.Thedesakotaregionsofthethreecitieshaddifferentdevelopmentfeatures,andtheurbanizationprocessofthecitieswasatdifferentstages.MetroManilawasfoundatthehigheststageofurbanization,andwiththeearliestsuburburbani2zationandobviousdesakotaregion.Shanghaiwasdemonstratedahighdegreeofurbanization,andanobvioussuburburbanizationanddesakotaregion.Incontras,tHanoihadlowerlevelofurbanizationandunobvioussuburburbanizationanddesakotaregion.Ecologicalenvironmentpro2tectionforthedesakotaregionsshouldbestrengthened.Keywords:landscapepattern;gradientanalysis;urbanization;desakotaregion;Shangha;iMetroManila;Hano.i*APN(ARCP2007213NMY2Li)**E2mai:[e-mail]:2008210209:2009203213ChineseJournalofEcology2009,28(6):1134-1142(Luck&Wu,2002)20,,1970,)))(desakota)(Ginsburgetal.,1991),,(Xieetal.,2006),,(,2006),(Luck&Wu2002;Zhuetal.,2006;Yu&Ng,2007),,(,2006;,2006;,2008),(,2006;Yu&Ng,2007),(,2000)APN(TheAsia2PacificNetworkforGlobalChangeResearch),(PAGA2SA),3:,2,/,3,,320,,,,1111,3(1)(Shanghai),30b40cN)31b53cN,120b51cE)122b12cE,,,6340km2,1379(2007),(MetroManila),14b21cN)14b47cN,121b09cE)120b53cE,,,620km2,1155(2007),(Hanoi),20b53cN)21b23cN,105b44cE)106b02cE,,,921km2,345(2007),33:(2080)90)(2000)2001)(2006)2007),1,9(1)112ErdasImagine910,3,5,80%(2),13Tab.1StudystagesandremotesensingdatausedofShangha,iMetroManilaandHanoi1989Landsat25TM2001Landsat27ETM+2007IRS2P6Pan(5m)1993Landsat25TM2001Landsat25TM2006Spot24(1215m)1993Landsat25TM2000Landsat25TM2007Landsat25TM1135:,,,KongNakagoshi(2006)1215m,25m,(1136286,2003b)(2006)(2008),,5~7km,,36km,323km@6km(12):,;G1T1;Fragstats(McGarigal&Marks,1995),Fragstats,,LuckWu(2002)15km@15km,15km5km,KongNakagoshi(2006)500m(1km)200m3km(6km)100m3ArcGIS910ASCIIFragstats313,6:(contagionindex,CONTAG),(largestpatchindex,LPI),(landscapeshapeindex,LSI),2(perimeter2areafractaldimension,PAF2RAC),(patchdensity,PD),Shannon(Shannon.sdiversityindex,SHDI)(Kong&Nakagosh,i2006;Xieetal.,2006)22113,(2),,10,,,50~60m2,,GDP,,,2200620073Tab.2Humanpopulation,cityareaandeconomicindica2torsofthreecitiesin2006and2007()(km2)(10)(m2)()20061316808634015159183946314611171019443619154815795616414312167920197516832861182007131788663401518719445918413171115534619155316445316241631448920197617342672GDP,(PLAND)(Weng,2007),3(3)3138km2(23km@6km),PLAND3,,,,,1993)2006,,3Fig.3PLANDinthelandusetransectsofShangaa,iMet2roManilaandHanoi1137:,,1993)2007,,,,,,,,,212321211,,,(,2002)3EDLSI,,21212(4)20,22Shannon1989,2001,,1989,-015km,715km;2001,2-0141111km2007,2-112km,:513815~32007Tab.3Correlationoflandscapeindexinthe2007Shanghaitransect2Shannon1-010131-01096-015201-0101311000-0152012-0122201907-012810190710138301665-0132801664013951Shannon-01584-0132701345-01327-01012-0171414Fig.4LandusepatterninlandusetransectsofShanghai11382861112km-112km,513km246()2,,815~1112km3,20,,21213,(5),2225,8,,2,,Shannon1993200120063,1215m,,,,,199339131617km;200131991417km;2006410916141617km,,21214,3,206,2222,,,,,,,2Shannon,,TM,,,,1993-714-012616km;2000-719-1152618km;2006-719-3132412618km,1993)20002000)20072,,,,,5Fig.5LandscapepatterninlandusetransectsofMetroManila1139:6Fig.6LandscapepatterninlandusetransectofHanoi,,2133,3Shannon(4),,017,,19892001018Shannon,:,(,2004)Shannon,(4),43Tab.4Correlationoflandscapeindexandabsolutedis2tanceinthetransectsofthreecities2Shannon1989-01754-0159501817-0138201829016862001-01940-0191901907-0182401928019142007-01402010700113601386-01423