过去分词做定语和状语

分词做定语和状语定语(attributive)是限定或修饰名词或相当于名词的词的，常由形容词或相当于形容词的短语或从句担任。根据与所修饰的词之间的位置关系可分为前置定语和后置定语。例如：1.Theredandbigappleinmine.2.Therearemanyfallenleavesontheground.3.Thepianousedbytheteacherisverygood.4.Childrenlivingbytheseausuallybegintoswimatanearlyage.5.LiLei’swrittenEnglishisn’tasgoodashisspokenEnglish.一、作定语动词的过去分词作定语时表示动作的被动和完成，单独及物动词的过去分词一般置于被修饰名词前，而过去分词短语则要位于名词之后。Thelostchildwasfoundatlast.Thechildlostintheparkwasfoundatlast.Pricesofdailygoods_____throughacomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices.（2002春招）A.areboughtB.boughtC.beenboughtD.buying过去分词作定语与其它非谓语形式的区别：1.过去分词done表示被动和完成；2.现在分词的主动式doing表示主动的、正在进行的动作；3.现在分词的被动式beingdone表示被动的、正在进行的动作；4.不定式的主动式todo表示一个将要发生的主动动作；5.不定式的被动式tobedone则表示一个将要发生的被动动作_______yesterdayThemeeting___________now(hold)__________tomorrowisofgreatimportance.(hold)heldbeingheldtobeheld2.Doyouknowthenameoftheplay___inthehallnow?A.tobeputonB.beingputonC.putonD.puttingonCB1.Didyouattendthemeeting_____yesterday?--No.ButIwillattendtheone_____tomorrow.A.tobeheldB.havingbeenheldC.heldD.beingheldAAA4.Pleasedon’tforgethim.Heisoneof_______.A.thoseinvitedB.invitedthoseC.thoseinvitingD.invitingthose3.Iborrowedabook______byMarkTwainfromthelibrarylastweek.Ilikeitverymuch.A.writtenB.writingC.waswrittenD.towriteTherearesomesentencesfromthereadingpassagewiththepastparticipleusedastheattribute:1.…hisparents’companynamed“FutureTours”transportedmesafelyinto…(Line5,Para1,Page18)2.Tomorrowyouwillbereadyforsomevisitsorganizedbythecompany.(Thelastbuttwoline,Para4,Page18)FinishEx3onP213.Nowcombinethesetwosentencesusingthepastparticipleastheattribute.1.SoonwelostsightofthatfamousastronomercalledLiQiang.2.IamgoingtobuyapaintingcopiedfromVincentvanGogh.3.Iliketheoldprivatehousebuiltofwoodandmud.4.Theroomconnectedtotherestofthehousebyalongpassageiscompletelyempty.5.Thequeenwassittinginaroyalcarriagedrawnbyfourhorses.6.Thevehiclementionedinthebookisunknowntome.7.Thecastlebuiltin1432isunderrepair.状语(adverbial)是修饰动词，副词，形容词或整个句子的，常由副词或相当于副词的短语或从句担任，修饰动词时，可置于动词之前，亦可置于动词之后；修饰形容词或副词时，常置于它们之前。可分为时间状语，地点状语，方式状语，程度状语，目的状语，原因状语，结果状语，条件状语，让步状语，频率状语等。例如：1.Tomrunsquickly.2.Thebookiswellworthreading.3.Hegetsupatfiveeverymorning.4.Theboysareplayingontheplayground.时间状语地点状语5.Shealwaysgoestoschoolbybike.6.Iarrivedatthecinemaonlytofindthefilmfinished.7.InordertocatchupwithhisclassmatesinEnglish,hestudiesharder.8.Theydidn’tgototheparkbecauseofthebadweather.9.Theywillgototheparkiftheweatherisfinetomorrow.10.Althoughsheisoversixtyyearsold,theoldwomanstilllooksyoung.频率状语结果状语目的状语原因状语方式状语条件状语让步状语2做状语过去分词作状语，在意义上相当于一个状语从句。1.United,westand;divided,wefall.如果团结起来，我们就能成功，如果分裂，我们就会失败。→相当于Ifweareunited,westand;ifwearedivided,wefall.2.Movedbythestory,hedecidedtostudyharder.由于被这个故事感动，他决定更加努力学习。→相当于Becausehewasmoved…3.Havingbeenshownaroundthelibrary,wecametotheclassroombuilding.我们参观了图书馆后，我们来到了教学楼前。→相当于Afterwewereshownaround…4.Oncevisited,thecitywillneverbeforgotten.一旦你参观了这个城市，你就永远不会忘记它。→相当于Oncethecityisvisited…5.Althoughpublishedmanytimes,thebookstillsellswellinthemarket.虽然这本书已出版好长时间了，但这本书的销售量仍很好。→相当于Althoughthebookhasbeenpublished…过去分词作状语，一是表被动的动作，二是表动作已经完成。通常作如下几种状语：1.Whenitisseenfromthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.Seenfromthehill可在过去分词前加上连词when,while,until等.2.Don’tspeakuntilyouarespokento.untilspokento1.时间状语,1.Becausetheboywasgreatlytouchedbyhisteacher’swords,hedidalotofthingstohelphisclassmates.Greatlytouchedbytheteacher’swords2.Ashewassurprisedatwhathappened,Tomdidn’tknowwhattodo.Surprisedatwhathappened2.原因状语1.Ifweweregivenmoretime,wecoulddoitmuchbetter.Givenmoretime2.Ifitisheatedtoahightemperature,waterwillchangeintovapor.Heatedtoahightemperature3.条件状语1.Thoughtheyhadbeenwarnedofthestorm,thefarmerswerestillworkinginthefields.Thoughwarnedofthestorm2.EvenifI’minvited,Iwon’ttakepartintheparty.Evenifinvited4.让步状语1.Theteacherenteredtheclassroom,andhewasfollowedbyagroupofstudents.Followedbyagroupofstudents2.Themanagerheldhisheadhigh,hewalkedintotheroom.Holdinghisheadhigh5.方式、伴随状语DifferencebetweenthePresentParticipleandthePastParticipleUsedforalongtime,thebooklooksold.由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。Usingthebook,Ifindituseful.在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用。Lookingather,hejumpedwithjoy.Lookedatbyhe,shefeltuneasy.注意：选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。1.____someofficials,Napoleoninspected(视察)hisarmy.A.FollowedB.FollowedbyC.BeingfollowedD.havingbeenfollowed2.Therewasaterriblenoise___thesuddenburstoflight.A.followedB.followingC.tobefollowedD.beingfollowedBBPractice3.___areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.A.NotreceivingB.ReceivingnotC.NothavingreceivedD.HavingnotreceivedC4.Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands___behindhisback.A.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied5.___moreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.A.GivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.HavinggivenDA6.___hisheadhigh,themanagerwalkedintotheroomtoattendthemeeting___then.A.Holding;beingheldB.Held;holdingC.Havingheld;heldD.Held;tobeheld7.___,buthestillcouldnotunderstandit.A.ToldmanytimesB.HavingbeentoldmanytimesC.HehasbeentoldmanytimesD.ThoughhehadbeentoldmanytimesAC8.Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,____alongspeechfort