美国文学爱伦坡Allan-Peo-and-His-Short-Stories

ShortStoriesByEdgarAllanPoeBy-YvetteOutline•Introduction•ShortStories•Specificappreciation•Comments•RecommendedReadingClassificationThemeTheory•PoewasthefirstAmericanwriterwhoformulizedthetechniqueoftheshortstory.•Inpursuitofthetotalityofeffectthroughcompression,immediacyandfinality,Poeinventedthegenreofthedetectivestoryanddevelopedanewfictionofpsychologicalanalysis.•Poehasthusoftenbeenconsideredasthefatherofthemodernshortstory.BernardShaw’s(萧伯纳)evaluationofPoe'sachievementthegreatestjournalisticcriticofhistimehispoetryis“exquisitelyrefined“(精致优雅)histalesarecompleteworksofartacritic,apoetashortstorywriteragreatwriteroffiction,apoetofthefirstrank,andacriticofinsightPoe’sshortstoriesRatiocination（推理）Horror“TheMurdersintheRueMorgue”《莫格街谋杀案》“TheGoldBug”《金甲虫》“ThePurloinedLetter”《被窃的信件》“TheMysteryofMarieRoget”《玛丽罗杰谜案》TheFalloftheHouseofUsher(厄舍府的倒塌)1839TheMasqueoftheRedDeath(红死病的假面具)1842Ligeia(丽姬娅)1838TheBlackCat(黑猫)1843TheCaskofAmontillado(一桶蒙特亚白葡萄酒)1846TheTell-TaleHeart(泄密的心)1843ScienceFiction（科幻小说）SatiricalNovel（幽默讽刺小说）（恐怖）•ThemesMotifsofPoe’spoemsandstories:•Love•Beauty(supernaturalbeauty)•Terror•Death–predominanttheme•Negativethoughtsofscience•Neuroticdisorder–Poe’sGothicism(哥特式风格)•Decadent(颓废)content•Grotesque(怪异)images•Abnormalpsyches•Melancholy(忧郁)•Supernaturalelements•Othergothicelements(desertedcastle,oldtemple,darkandgloomycellar;stonecoffin(石棺);deadwoman;heroofabnormalpsyche)Histheoryforshortstory--clarity1.Theshortstorymustbeofsuchlengthastobereadatonesitting(brevity),soastoensurethetotalityofimpression.2.Theveryfirstsentenceoughttohelptobringoutthe“singleeffect”ofthestory.3.Nowordshouldbeusedwhichdoesnotcontributetothe“pre-established”designofthework(compression).4.Ataleshouldrevealsomelogicaltruthwith“thefullestsatisfaction”andshouldendwiththelastsentence,leavingasenseoffinalitywiththereader.(acertaindecision某种结局）厄舍府的倒塌FirstappearedinSeptember,1839derangement(精神错乱)anddissipation(精神消散)ofanindividual'spersonalityTheFalloftheHouseofUsher•ⅠPlot•ⅡStructureanalysisAnunnamednarratorreceivedhisboyhoodfriendRoderickUsher‘sletter,whichreadthatUsherspokeofacutebodilyillness-ofamentaldisorderwhichoppressedhim-andofanearnestdesiretoseeme,ashisbest,andindeedhisonlypersonalfriend,withaviewofattempting,bythecheerfulnessofmysociety,somealleviation(缓和)ofhismalady(疾病).Asareply,IcametothehouseofUshertoaccompanywithmyfriend.Ledbyaservant,ImetUsherinhisroom.Hegreetedmewithgreatwarmth.一个匿名的描述者收到他的朋友RoderickUsher的信，信中Roderick说他被精神疾病困扰，并迫切地想见到我，因为我是他唯一的朋友。作为回应，我来到ThehouseofUsher厄舍府来陪伴我的朋友。由一名仆人带领，我见到了Usher，他很热情接待了我。Poe’sWritingFeatures他的小说主人公大多没有确切的身份，没有名字，远离社会•ItisrevealedthatRoderick'stwinsister,Madeline,isalsoillandfallsintocataleptic,death-liketrances.•ThenarratorisimpressedwithRoderick'spaintings,andattemptstocheerhimbyreadingwithhimandlisteningtohisimprovisedmusicalcompositionsontheguitar.•Rodericksings“TheHauntedPalace”,thentellsthenarratorthathebelievesthehousehelivesintobesentient,andthatthissentiencearisesfromthearrangementofthemasonry(石造建筑)andvegetationsurroundingit.•来到厄舍府，我发现，Roderick的姐姐，Madeline也病了，精神恍惚。Roderick画画非常出色，我为了安抚Roderick，陪他读书，听他弹他改良后的音乐作品。•Roderick唱了“TheHauntedPalace闹鬼的宫殿”并告诉我，他相信这个房子是有感知的，建筑的石头，屋外的植物都有着某种感知的能力。富有丰富的想象力在精神分析小说做出了贡献，他对非意识和潜意识的精神活动的分析非常感兴趣。•Rodericklaterinformsthenarratorthathissisterdied.Thenarratorhelpstheentombment.Roderickdecidedtoputhissister‘scoffininoneofvaults,whichhavebeendesertedforalongtime.Oncertainonenightthatisstormy,Roderickwasuneasy.Soinordertocalmhim,thenarratorreadastoryforhim,whichaccidentallystrikesRoderick'mindthatheburiedhissisteraliveandrefusedtosaveher.FinallyhissisterMadelinecameintotheroombloody.Theydiedtogether.Thenarratorfrightenedtoescapefromthehouse.Thehousecollapsedinthestorm.Roderick通知我，他的姐姐去世了，作者帮忙处理后事。Roderick想把他姐姐的棺材放在弃置已久的地下室。某个暴风雨的夜晚，Roderick非常地焦躁不安。为了安抚Roderick，我读故事给他听，突然Roderick想起姐姐没有死，而他见死不救。最后Roderick的姐姐满身是血，进来了房间。两人一同死去。作者恐惧万分，逃出了厄舍府，风雨中，厄舍府倒塌了。compressionⅡStructureanalysis•Basedonthestoryandmyunderstanding,Idividedthestoryintoseveralparts.•Thefirstpartisaboutthesettingorthebackgroundofthisstory:thenaturalenvironmentofthehouseofUsher,thestateofRoderickUsherandhissisterMadeline,myfirstimpressiononthehouse,etc.•ThesecondpartisaboutthemyeffortstorelaxthenervesofRoderick.Thesephenomenashowsighsofeasement.•Thethirdpartistheclimaxofthiswholestory.ThedeathofMadelinebroughtashocktoRoderick.•OpeningParagraphDuringthewholeofadull,dark,andsoundlessdayintheautumnoftheyear,whenthecloudshungoppressively(压迫的)lowintheheavens,Ihadbeenpassingalone,onhorseback,throughasingularlydreary(沉闷的)tractofcountry;那年秋天，一个阴沉、昏暗、岑寂的日子，乌云低垂，厚重地笼罩着大地。整整一天，我孤零零地骑着马，驰过乡间一片无比萧索的旷野。singleeffect(统一效果论)WhileIgazed,thisfissurerapidlywidened--therecameafiercebreathofthewhirlwind--theentireorbofthesatelliteburstatonceuponmysight--mybrainreeledasIsawthemightywallsrushingasunder--therewasalongtumultuousshoutingsoundlikethevoiceofathousandwaters--andthedeepanddanktarnatmyfeetclosedsullenlyandsilentlyoverthefragmentsoftheHouseofUsher.在我举目凝望之际，裂缝迅速变宽，耳畔，旋风在怒吼着，而那血红的满月，骤然逼至眼前。在眩晕中，我看到坚固的高墙崩裂