【精编】美国文学欣赏Edgar-Allan-Poe

EdgarAllanPoe坡(1809—1849)越努力越幸运E.A.Poe(1809—1849)Poe’smother越努力越幸运EdgarAllanPoe（1809—1849）埃德加.爱伦.坡•PartI.LifeExperience•PartIILiteraryPosition•PartIII.MajorWorks•PartIV.PointofView•PartV.Style•PartVI.AppreciationThisdaguerreotypeofPoewastakenin1848whenhewas39,ayearbeforehisdeath越努力越幸运LifeExperience•Amiserablechildhood:borninBoston,bothparentsdiedwithintwoyearsafterhisbirth,takenintothehomeofJohnAllaninVirginia,hadanunhappyrelationshipwithhisfosterfather越努力越幸运•Anunhappyyouth:at17wenttotheUniversityofVirginiabutdidnotfinish,anappointmenttoWestPointbutwasdismissedlessthanayearlater•Astrugglinglife:in1833,becameaneditorofSouthernLiteraryMessengerinRichmond,lostthepositionbecauseofexcessivedrinkingandaninabilitytomeetdeadlines,managedtoregainthejobin1835,at27,marriedhis13year-oldcousin,VirginiaClemm,driftedforseveralyearsaseditorsindifferentmagazinesbutremainedpoorallhislife越努力越幸运EdgarAllanPoe(1809-1849)“我经常沉湎杯中物，但喝酒并没使我感到半点儿乐趣。我不惜生命和名声，不顾理智，一味喝酒，并非追求乐趣，而是竭力逃避令人痛苦的回忆，逃避无法忍受的孤寂，逃避迫在眼前的大限。”越努力越幸运•Abitterandmysteriousdeath:in1847,wifediedoftuberculosis,in1849,diedinmysteriouscircumstances越努力越幸运LifeExperienceamiserablechildhoodwasadoptedbyJohnAllananunhappyrelationshipenteredtheUniversitybutdidn’tfinishwenttoWestPointbutwasdismissedat27hemarriedhis13-year-oldcousinherdeathin1847lefthimabittererlifediedinmysteriouscircumstances,in1849越努力越幸运PartII.Poe’sliteraryposition–Forerunnerofwesterndecadentliterature–Forerunnerofaestheticliterature–Explorerofabnormalpsychology–Fatherofpsychoanalyticcriticism–Path-breakerofAmericandetectivenovel–Fatherofmodernshortstory越努力越幸运HispositionPoe’spositioninworldliteratureissecure.Hisinfluenceisworld-wideinmodernliterature.Hisaestheticsandconsciouscraftsmanship,hisattackon“theheresyofthedidactic”andhiscallfor“therhythmicalcreationofbeauty”haveinfluencedFrenchsymbolismandthedevoteesof“artforart’ssake”.Poeisfatherofmanythings,oneofwhichispsychoanalyticcriticism,theotherbeingthedetectivestory.越努力越幸运EdgarAllanPoe•Poe’sliterarycontribution–Aestheticism•Principleofbeauty•Principleofunityandconcentration•Carefulchoiceofdictionfordesiredeffect(themusicaleffectofwordsthemselves)•Negligenceofso-calledtruthandsocial,politicalandmoralsuggestions•“Purepoetry”or“pureart”•Unityofeffectandatmosphere;contentinserviceofartisticeffect越努力越幸运CommentsonPoe•EdgarAllanPoeisthemostcontroversialandthemostmisunderstoodliteraryfigureinthehistoryofAmericanliterature.•“我不在乎我的作品是现在被人读还是由子孙后代来读。我可以花一个世纪来等待读者。”越努力越幸运EdgarAllanPoe•Emersondismissedhiminthreewords“thejingleman”(打油诗人)，MarkTwaindeclaredhisprosetobeunreadable.AndWhitmanwastheonlyfamousliteraryfigurepresentatthePoeMemorialCeremonyin1875.•NotacceptedbeforeFrenchsymbolistslikeCharlesPierreBaudelaire(1821-1867)andMallarmé.越努力越幸运InAmerica•Emerson:“thejingleman”(noisy)•MarkTwain:Hisproseisunreadable.•HenryJames:“anenthusiasmforPoeisthemarkofadecidedlyprimitivestateofdevelopment”越努力越幸运•Whitman:admitPoe’sgenius,butitwas“itsnarrowrangeandunhealthy,luridquality”(terrible)•T.S.Eliot:acriticofthefirstrank,butwith“slipshodwriting”(careless)越努力越幸运ReasonsforMisunderstanding•1)Asaperceptivecritic,hewrotesomescathingcriticismsondistinguishedliteraryfigures.•2)Hisliteraryexecutorsulliedhisreputationafterhisdeath.越努力越幸运InEurope•GeorgeBernardShaw:“thegreatestjournalisticcriticofhistime”•Hispoetryis“exquisitelyrefined”.•Histalesare“completeworksofart”.•Baudelaire:“EdgarPoe,whoisn’tmuchinAmerica,mustbecomeagreatmaninFrance.”越努力越幸运•柯南道尔：“一名侦探小说家只能沿这条不宽的主道而行，所以他时时都会发现前方有坡的脚印。如果他偶尔能设法偏离主道，独辟蹊径，那他就可以感到心满意足了。”•凡尔纳：“他肯定会有模仿者，有人会试图超越他，有人会试图发展他的风格，但许多自以为已经超过他的人其实永远也不可能与他相提并论。”•肖伯纳：“它们不仅仅是一篇篇小说，而完全是一件件艺术品。”越努力越幸运PoeenjoyedrespectandwelcomeinEuropeHisreputationwasfirstmadeinFranceToday,hisworksarereadwithappreciationandunderstanding.Poe'sinfluencewasconsiderableinSpain,Italy,GermanyandRussia.越努力越幸运•PoewasthefirstAmericanwriterwhoformulizedthetechniqueoftheshortstory.•Inpursuitofthetotalityofeffectthroughcompression,immediacyandfinality,Poeinventedthegenreofthedetectivestoryanddevelopedanewfictionofpsychologicalanalysis.•Poehasthusoftenbeenconsideredasthefatherofthemodernshortstory.越努力越幸运PartIII.MajorWorks•FamousAmericanpoet,short-storywriter,andliterarycritic•MostcontroversialandmisunderstoodinAmerica•WellreceivedinEurope,England,Spain,esp.inFrance•Literaryoutput:someseventyshortstoriesandadozenpoems•A:Poems•B:Shortstories•C:literarytheory•D:onefull-lengthnovel:TheNarrativeofArthurGordonPym(1838)《亚瑟.戈登.皮姆的故事》越努力越幸运Shaw’sevaluationofPoe'sachievementacritic,apoet，ashortstorywriterthegreatestjournalisticcriticofhistimehispoetryis“exquisitelyrefined“(精致优雅)histalesarecompleteworksofartagreatwriteroffiction,apoetofthefirstrank,andacriticofinsight越努力越幸运a.Ashortstorywriterstories:twokindsHorrorRatiocination（推理）“TheFalloftheHouseofUsher”“TheBlackCat”“TheCaskofAmontillado”“Ligeia”（莉盖亚）“ThePurloinedLetter”（被窃的信件）越努力越幸运fiftypoemstypicallyRomanticinbothformandcontentPoe’spoetictheoriesPoetryshouldbeshortandreadableatonesitting,shouldappealonlyto“beauty”(aimingat“anelevatingexcitementofthesoul”)Truepoet