初中英语句子成分结构

学习必备欢迎下载英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解英语中的词可以根据词义、语法功能和形式特征分为十大类，即名词noun(n.):人或事物的名称。例：girl,history代词pronoun(pron.)：代替名词，数词等。例：they，it形容词adjective(adj.)：表示人或事物的特征。例：brave，small副词adverb(adv.)：表示动作特征或性状特征。例:nicely,very动词verb(v.)：表示动作或状态。数词numeral(num.)：表示数目或顺序。冠词article(art.)：用在名词前，帮助说明其意义。介词preposition(prep.)：用在名词，代词前说明与别的词的关系。连词conjunctions(conj.)：用来连接词与词或句与句。感叹词interjection(interj.)：表示说话时的感情或口气。一、英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解：（一）句子成分1.主语（subject）:句子说明的人或事物。主语可以由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、分词、主语从句和短语等来担任。Thesunrisesintheeast.（名词）Helikesdancing.（代词）Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.(数词)Seeingisbelieving.（动名词）Toseeistobelieve.（不定式）Whatheneedsisabook.（主语从句）Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）2.谓语（predicate）:说明主语的动作、状态和特征。WestudyEnglish.Heisasleep.3.表语（predicative）:系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。Heisateacher.（名词）Seventy-four!Youdon’tlookit.（代词）Fiveandfiveisten.（数词）Heisasleep.（形容词）Hisfatherisin.（副词）Thepictureisonthewall.(介词短语)Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.（形容词化的分词）Towearafloweristosay“I’mpoor,Ican’tbuyaring.（不定式）Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.（表语从句）★（常见的系动词有:be,sound（听起来）,look（看起来）,feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）,taste（尝、吃起来）,remain（保持，仍是）,feel（感觉）...Itsoundsagoodidea.Thesoundsoundsstrange.Hervoicesoundssweet.Tomlooksthin.Thefoodsmellsdelicious.Thefoodtastesgood.Thedoorremainsopen.NowIfeeltired.4.宾语：1）动作的承受者-----动宾IlikeChina.（名词）Hehatesyou.（代词）Howmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo.（数词）Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.（动名词）Ihopetoseeyouagain.（不定式）Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?（宾语从句）学习必备欢迎下载2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Areyouafraidofthesnake?Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.3）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）Hegavemeabookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemoney.5.宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。Weelectedhimmonitor.（名词）Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn’tcomehere.（名）Wewillmakethemhappy.（形容词）Wefoundnobodyin.(副词)Pleasemakeyourselfathome.介词短语）Don’tlethimdothat.（省to不定式）Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（带to不定式）Don’tkeepthelightsburning.（现在分词）I’llhavemybikerepaired.（过去分词）6.主补：对主语的补充，全称为主语补足语。Hewaselectedmonitor.Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom.Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.7.定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。AiYanlingisachemistryteacher.（名词）Heisourfriend.（代词）Webelongtothethirdworld.（数词）Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（形容词）Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.(副词)Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.(介词)TheboysplayingfootballareinClass2.（现在分词）Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.（过去分词）Ihaveanideatodoitwell.（不定式）YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.（定语从句）8.状语：用来修饰v.,adj.,adv.,或句子。表示时间、地点、原因、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。（以下例句按上述顺序排列）Iwillgotheretomorrow.Themeetingwillbeheldinthemeeting-room.Themeatwentbadbecauseofthehotweather.HestudieshardtolearnEnglishwell.Hedidn’tstudyhardsothathefailedintheexam.Ilikesomeofyouverymuch.Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.Hegoestoschoolbybike.Thoughheisyoung,hecandoitwell.（二）句子结构简单句的五个基本句型1.主语＋不及物动词Shecame．/Myheadaches.2.主语＋及物动词＋宾语ShelikesEnglish.3.主语＋系动词＋表语Sheishappy．4.主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语ShegaveJohnabook.5.主语＋宾补动词＋宾语＋宾语补语Shemakeshermotherangry．Theteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage.★There+be句型Therearesomebooksonthedesk.学习必备欢迎下载Thereliesabookonthedesk.Exercises：分析下列句子成分1.Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome.2.Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou3.Allofusconsideredhimhonest.4.Mygrandfatherboughtmeapairofsportsshoes.5.Hebrokeapieceofglass.6.Hemadeitclearthathewouldleavethecity．翻译练习：主谓结构（主语＋不及物动词）1、Youshouldstudyhard.2、Shewenthomeverylateyesterdayevening.练习：1、Thisboxweighsfivekilos.这个盒子重五公斤。2、IlivedinBeijingfiveyearsago.五年前我住在北京。主谓宾结构（主语＋及物动词＋宾语）1、Iwrotealetterlastnight.2、Iwanttotalkwithyouthisafternoon.练习：1、AllofusbelievethatJackisanhonestboy.我们大家都相信Jack是一个诚实男孩。2、Hedidnotknowwhattosay.他不知道说什麽好。主系表结构（主语＋系动词＋表语）1.Mybrothersareallcollegestudents.2Inwinter,thedaysareshortandthenightsarelong.2.MrsBrownlooksveryhealthy.4Attheageoffifteenhebecameafamouspianist.练习：1、树叶已经变黄了。Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.2、这个报告听起来很有意思。Thereportsoundsinteresting.双宾语结构（主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语）1.MrJohnsontaughtusGermanlastyear.2.Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.练习：1、请你给我弄一本新的，好吗？Willyoupleasegetmeanewcopy?2、我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？ShallIcallyouataxi?复合宾语结构（主语＋动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语）1.WecallherAlice.2.HisparentsnamedhimJohn.练习：1、学校定了一条规则，开始上课时学生要起立。Theschoolmadeitarulethatthestudentsshouldstandupwhenclassbegins.2、我认为与那个人谈话是无益的。IthoughtitnousetalkingwiththatmanTherebe句型1.Thereisn’tgoingtobeameetingtonight.2.Therewasonlyawellinthevillage.练习：1、铃响了。学习必备欢迎下载2、一周有七天。二、英语句子种类讲解：按照句子的用途，英语句子可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。按照句子的结构，英语句子可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。中考对句子的考查主要集中在以下几个方面：1.陈述句的构成形式及基本用法；2.祈使句的构成形式及基本用法；3.一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句的构成形式及基本用法；4.由what,how引导的感叹句的构成形式、用法及区别对于各种从句的用法我们在后面分别论述。(一.)陈述句的构成形式及基本用法1.陈述句：陈述句是用来陈述一个事实或表达说话人看法（包括肯定和否定）的句子。通常用降调，句末用句号“.”。Tomhasanewcar.Theflowerisn’tbeautiful.2.陈述句否定式的构成(1)如果肯定陈述句的谓语部分含有助动词、情态动词或连系动词be，则只需在这些动词后加not即可构成否定式。Heisplayingtheguitar.（肯定）Heisnotplayingtheguitar.（否定）Wecangettherebeforedark.（肯定）Wecan’tgettheebeforedark.（否定）(2)如果陈述句的谓语动词是实义动词，而其中又没有情态动词或助动词时，则需根据人称和时态在该实义动词前加don’t,doesn’t或didn’t。同时把该实义动词变为原形。Heplaystheviolinwell.（肯定）Hedoesn’tplaytheviolinwell.（否定）Shewonthegame.（肯定）Shedidn’twinthegame.（否定）(3)如果句子是therebe结构或谓语动词是have（有），除了be和