Edgar-Allan-Poe-爱伦坡简介

EdgarAllanPoe爱伦·坡(1809—1849)杜亚芳Page2Apoet,shortstorywriter,andliterarycriticPage3Poe’smotherPage4EdgarAllanPoe（1809—1849）埃德加.爱伦.坡PartI.LifeExperiencePartII.MajorWorksPartIII.LiteraryPositionPartIV.AppreciationPartV.CommentsonPoeThisdaguerreotype（photo）ofPoewastakenin1848whenhewas39,ayearbeforehisdeathPage5PartI.LifeExperienceAmiserablechildhood:borninBoston,bothparentsdiedwithintwoyearsafterhisbirth,takenintothehomeofJohnAllaninVirginia（弗吉尼亚州）,hadanunhappyrelationshipwithhisfosterfatherAnunhappyyouth:at17wenttotheUniversityofVirginiabutdidnotfinish,anappointmenttoWestPointbutwasdismissed（fired）lessthanayearlaterPage6Astrugglinglife:in1833,becameaneditorofSouthernLiteraryMessengerinRichmond,lostthepositionbecauseofexcessivedrinkingandaninabilitytomeetdeadlines,managedtoregainthejobin1835,at27,marriedhis13year-oldcousin,VirginiaClemm,driftedforseveralyearsaseditorsindifferentmagazinesbutremainedpoorallhislifeAbitterandmysteriousdeath:in1847,wifediedoftuberculosis（肺结核）,in1849,diedinmysteriouscircumstancesPage7PartII.Poe’sMajorWorksA:PoetryB:ShortstoriesC:LiterarytheoryD:onefull-lengthnovel:TheNarrativeofArthurGordonPym(1838)《亚瑟.戈登.皮姆的故事》Page8A:poetry1TheRaven(1844)《乌鸦》2AnnabelLee《安娜贝尔丽》3TheSleeper《睡美人》4ADreamWithinaDream《梦中梦》5Israfel《伊斯拉菲尔》6TheBells《钟》7Sonnet–ToScience《十四行诗--致科学》8ToHelen《献给海伦》9TheCityintheSea《海中的城市》madePoefamousasapoet“Nevermore”永不再Page9B:Shortstories1MS.FoundinaBottle(1833)《瓶中手稿》2TalesoftheGrotesqueandtheArabesque(1839)《荒诞奇异的故事》3TheMurdersintheRueMorgue(1841)《毛格街血案》4TheFalloftheHouseofUsher《厄舍古屋的倒塌》5TheCaskofAmontillado《一桶白葡萄酒》6Ligeia《丽姬亚》7ThePurloinedLetter《窃信案》8TheManoftheCrowd《人群中的人》9TheTell-TaleHeart《泄密的心》10WilliamWilson《威廉.威尔逊》11BlackCat《黑猫》12TheImpofthePerverse《变态的小鬼》13TheGoldBug《金甲虫》14TheMysteryofMarieRoger《玛丽.罗热疑案》15TheMasqueoftheRedDeath《红色死亡的化妆舞会》Page10厄舍古厦的陷落Page11C:LiterarytheoryThePoeticPrinciple诗歌原理ThePhilosophyofComposition创作哲学ReviewofTwice-ToldTales评霍桑的故事重述Page12PartIII.Poe’sliterarypositionForerunnerofwesterndecadentliteratureForerunnerofaestheticliteratureExplorerofabnormalpsychologyFatherofpsychoanalyticcriticismPath-breakerofAmericandetectivenovelFatherofmodernshortstoryPage13PartIV.AppreciationPoetryShortstoriesLiterarytheoryPage14Poe’stheoryforpoetrypoemsshortbutachievemaximumeffectproduceafeelingofbeautyinthereaderpure“,nottomoralizeHestressesrhythminsistsonaneven(规则的)metricalflow真实能够满足人的理智,感情能够满足人的心灵,而美则能激动人的灵魂Page15ShortStoryFeaturesGothicelementsGrimsetting*Landscapesareoftenreflectionsofcharacter’smind.*Unusualbuildings,extremesofnature,eccentricworksofart*VeryfewofhisstoriestakeplaceinAmerica;mosttakeplaceinEuropeorNever-never-land.deepanalysisofhumanpsychologyprecursor（forerunner）ofdetectivestoriesandsciencestoriesstyle:ordinary,traditional(Traditional,butnoteasytoread)language:mannerismSample:TheFalloftheHouseofUsherPage16Poe’sliterarycontributionAestheticismPrincipleofbeautyPrincipleofunityandconcentration；shortCarefulchoiceofdictionfordesiredeffect(themusicaleffectofwordsthemselves)Negligence（oversight）ofso-calledtruthandsocial,politicalandmoralsuggestions“Purepoetry”or“pureart”Unityofeffectandatmosphere;contentinserviceofartisticeffectPage17ThemesinPoe’sworksDeath—predominantthemeinPoe’swriting“Poeisnotinterestedinanythingalive.EverythinginPoe’swritingsisdead.”Horror；Hiddenevil:Unspeakable,mysteriouscrimes,includingincestandparricideManiacalLaughter（crazy）ThediscoveredmanuscriptgivesresponsibilitytosomeoneelseDeformity（畸形）thegroteque--peoplewhodon’tlookrightarecapableofactivitybeyondthenormNegativethoughtsofsciencePage18Science’scrimeofdestroyingthesebeautifulmythsismadealltheworsebythepoem’sharshlanguage.Thevulturehasnotjustnudgedthemythicalfiguresoutofthepicture,buthas“draggedDianafromhercar”and“torntheNaiadfromherflood.”【希腊神话】林木女神【希腊、罗马神话】那伊阿得(掌管河、泉的水泽女神)月亮女神Page19PartV.CommentsonPoeEmersondismissedhiminthreewords“thejingleman”(打油诗人)，MarkTwaindeclaredhisprosetobeunreadable.AndWhitmanwastheonlyfamousliteraryfigurepresentatthePoeMemorialCeremonyin1875.NotacceptedbeforeFrenchsymbolistslikeCharlesPierreBaudelaire(1821-1867)andMallarmé.Page20*Hisinfluenceisworld-wideinliteratureArthurConanDoyleFrenchsymbolistsBritishAestheticism“ArtforArt’sSake”T.SEliot,WilliamFaulkner*Poeremainsoneofthiscountry'sfinestandmostinfluentialwriters.Hestandsalone,representingacategoryverydifficulttopigeonhole（categorize）.EdgarAllanPoeisthemostcontroversialandthemostmisunderstoodliteraryfigureinthehistoryofAmericanliterature.“我不在乎我的作品是现在被人读还是由子孙后代来读。我可以花一个世纪来等待读者。”Page22